【精品推荐】弘治黄釉云龙纹碗赏析

黄釉瓷器型多样、釉色独特，时而展现恬淡娇嫩之美感，时而变换温润淡雅之风韵。《通典》注云：“黄者，中和美色，黄承天德，最盛淳美，故以尊色为溢也。”一直以来，黄釉都是明清时期皇家的严控釉色，而黄釉瓷器则成为明清皇室的独享瓷器，专为皇帝御用或为祭祀专用。随着帝制的终结，黄釉瓷器因在皇权威严中刻下的印记而令它成为奢华、尊贵的象征，而近年来在艺术收藏市场，在藏家眼中越发娇艳润泽，亮丽可人。或许，在市场的不断发掘下，它的价格终将与其等级相匹配。

Theyellowglazeporcelainhasvariousshapesanduniqueglazecolors,whichsometimesshowatranquilanddelicateaestheticfeeling,andsometimeschangethecharmofmildandelegant."TongDian"notecloud:"Yellow,neutralbeauty,HuangChengtianDE,themostbeautiful,sothecolorfortheoverflow.YellowglazehasalwaysbeentheglazecolorstrictlycontrolledbytheimperialfamilyintheMingandQingDynasties,whileyellowglazeporcelainbecametheexclusiveporcelainoftheimperialfamilyintheMingandQingDynasties,andwasspeciallyusedbytheemperorsorforsacrifices.Withtheendoftheimperialsystem,theyellowglazedporcelainhasbecomeasymbolofluxuryanddignitybecauseofitsimprintinthemajestyoftheimperialpower.Inrecentyears,intheartcollectionmarket,collectorsaremoreandmorecharming,moistandbeautiful.Perhaps,asthemarketcontinuestodig,itspricewilleventuallymatchitsgrade.

弘治黄釉，诗意“娇黄”，明代弘治时期，浇黄釉瓷器烧造技术达到历史最高峰，因呈色淡雅，给人以恬淡娇嫩之美，人们给它起了一个极富诗意的名字——“娇黄”。弘治浇黄是在弘治年间创烧的一种极为名贵的精美器种，论之发色前朝后世皆不及，是历史上低温黄釉的最高水准器，因其娇嫩、艳丽、隽秀、精巧、小可、迎人的诱人风格令人爱不释手。黄釉器的资料显示，最早于永乐，但浇黄釉器只产于弘治，并采用了永乐甜白浅划花工艺风格，更显得娇嫩、锦上添花。弘治黄釉器是专为宫廷烧造的器种，因而无论大小器物无一不精，是并列明朝六大器种（洪武釉里红、永乐甜白、永宣青花、宣五彩、成斗彩、弘治浇黄）之一的名贵器种，正因此见之不易、得之更难。

Hongzhiyellowglaze,poetic"jiaohuang",theMingDynastyhongzhiperiod,pouringyellowglazeporcelainfiringtechnologyreachedthehistoricalpeak,becausethecolorisquietlyelegant,givepeoplethequietdelicatebeauty,peoplegaveitapoeticname-"Jiaohuang".Hongzhiwateryellowisaverypreciousandexquisitedevicecreatedduringhongzhiperiod.Itisthehighestleveloflowtemperatureyellowglazeinhistory,becauseofitsdelicate,gorgeous,delicate,delicate,smallandattractivestyle.ThematerialsoftheyellowglazewareshowthatitwasfirstproducedinYongle,buttheyellowglazewarewasonlyproducedinHongzhi,andtheyonglesweetwhitepaintingcraftstylewasadoptedtomakeitmoredelicateandbeautiful.Hongzhiyellowglazewareisspeciallymadeforthepalace,sonomatterthesizeofthewareisallfine,itisoneofthesixMingdynastywarespecies(Hongwuglazered,Yonglesweetwhite,Yongxuanblueandwhite,Xuanmulticolor,intothecolor,Hongzhipouringyellow)oneoftherarewarespecies,isthereforenoteasytosee,moredifficulttoget.

而黄釉一般分为“浇黄”和“柠檬黄”两种。明清时期大多的黄釉器都是“浇黄”，所谓“浇黄”，是指采用“浇釉”的方式来施釉，然后再经低温焙烧而成，因此俗称“浇黄”。“柠檬黄”则到清代雍正时才创烧出来。

Andyellowglazeisgenerallydividedinto"pouringyellow"and"lemonyellow"twokinds.MostoftheyellowglazevesselsintheMingandQingDynastieswere"wateredyellow".Theso-called"wateredyellow"meansthattheglazewasappliedinthewayof"wateredglaze"andthenroastedatlowtemperature,soitiscommonlyknownas"wateredyellow"."Lemonyellow"wasnotcreateduntilyongzhengoftheQingDynasty.

明代弘治时期，浇黄釉瓷器烧造技术达到历史最高峰，因呈色淡雅，给人以恬淡娇嫩之美，人们给它起了一个极富诗意的名字——“娇黄”。宫廷造办处和景德镇御窑厂的匠师，还尝试利用从欧洲传来的珐琅料烧造低温单色釉瓷器。此后，推陈出新，相继出现胭脂红釉瓷器、“淡黄釉”等品种。主要见于雍正、乾隆、嘉庆、道光时期，尤以雍正时期的作品质量最好、受到的评价亦最高。

DuringtheHongzhiPeriodoftheMingDynasty,thefiringtechnologyofpouringyellowglazedporcelainreacheditshistoricalpeak.Duetoitsquietandelegantcolor,peoplegaveitapoeticname--"Charmingyellow".ThecraftsmenofthepalacebuildingofficeandtheJingdezhenRoyalkilnfactoryalsotriedtouseenamelfromEuropetomakelow-temperaturemonochromaticglazeporcelain.Sincethen,newproductshaveemerged,suchascarmineglazeporcelain,"lightyellowglaze"andothervarieties.ItismainlyseeninthePeriodofYongzheng,Qianlong,JiaqingandDaoguang,especiallytheworksofThePeriodofYongzhengareofthebestqualityandthehighestevaluation.

文中此弘治款黄釉龙凤纹碗，釉色浇黄，碗外壁阴刻龙凤纹，内底阴刻云纹。釉色娇嫩，釉下可见开片纹，其明黄色地道艳丽，釉光晶莹剔透，滋润自然。纹饰来看，龙飞凤舞，十分生动。其中，龙呈五爪，饱满锐利，皇家规制昭然若揭。其底款，铭“大明弘治年制”六字款识，色质深蓝厚重，书意端庄，十分典型，其宗之正，乃一目了然矣。

Thispaperpromotestheyellowglazebowlwithdragonandphoenixpatterns.Theglazecolorisyellow.Thebowlisengravedwithdragonandphoenixpatternsontheouterwallandmoireontheinnerbottom.Theglazeisdelicate,theglazecanbeseenunderapieceofgrain,itsbrightyellowtunnelisgorgeous,theglazeisglitteringandtranslucent,moisteningnature.Lookatthedecoration,dragonandphoenixdance,veryvivid.Amongthem,thedragonisfive-claw,fullsharp,royalregulationisveryclear.Itsbottommoney,Ming"GreatMingHongzhisystem"sixwords,deepbluethickcolor,bookmeaningdignified,verytypical,theschoolisclearataglance.

据《大明会典》载：“洪武九年定,私郊各陵瓷器，圜丘青色，方丘黄色，日坛赤色，月坛白色”。可见黄色专用于祭地神。据史料记载，孝宗已拟好废除官窑的诏书，张皇后看后，提醒道“御用贡瓷可废，但祭天地之礼仪万不可废也!废则群臣不服，百姓怨怒!”孝宗认为有理，遂命御窑只烧单色釉青、黄、红、白之祭祀用瓷。这也让所有御窑艺人放弃了成化时五花八门的品种，只专注于烧制单色釉瓷，集中了全副精力，使得单色釉瓷更加精益求精。其中最成功的的无非是浇黄釉。

AccordingtotheDamingSocietyCeremony,"Hongwuissetfortheninthyear,wherethetombsintheprivatesuburbsareporcelain,circularMoundisblue,squaremoundisyellow,sunaltarisred,moonaltariswhite".Soyellowisdedicatedtothegodsoftheearth.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,XiaoZonghadpreparedanedictontheabolitionoftheimperialkiln.EmpressZhang,afterreadingit,remindedhim,"Theimperialporcelainmaybeabolished,buttheritualofofferingsacrificestoheavenandearthmustnotbeabolished!Wasteisnotsatisfiedbythecourt,thepeopleangry!"XiaoZongthoughtitreasonable,soheorderedtheimperialkilntoburnonlysingle-colorglazeblue,yellow,red,whitesacrificialporcelain.Thisalsoledalltheroyalkilnartiststogiveupthevariousvarietiesofchenghuaandonlyfocusonthefiringofsingle-colorglazedporcelain,concentratingtheireffortstomakesingle-colorglazedporcelainmorerefined.Oneofthemostsuccessfulisnomorethanthepouringofyellowglaze.

业内人士表示，在艺术品拍卖市场中，流传有序的黄釉瓷器并不多见，却总能以高价亮相，成交状况一直位列前茅，价位高的已达数百万千万元，只要是官窑，又是精品，就具备潜力。在未来的几年，黄釉瓷器的价格还会稳步继续上升。

Thepersonageinsidecourseofstudyexpresses,inartworkauctionmarket,circulateorderlyyellowglazeporcelainisrare,butalwayscanappearwithhighprice,concludeadealtheconditionrankstopallthetime,thepriceishighalreadyamountedtomillions10millionyuan,aslongasitisofficialkiln,itishigh-qualitygoods,havepotential.Inthenextfewyears,thepriceofyellowglazedporcelainwillcontinuetorisesteadily.