四、形容詞短語做伴隨狀語
形容詞短語做伴隨狀語時,通常表狀態。
例如:
1. Full of apology, the manager approached us.
2. He was too excited, unable to say a word.
3. He stared at the footprint, full of fear.
五、單個形容詞做伴隨狀語
單個形容詞做伴隨狀語也表示狀態,不表動作。
例如:
1. He sat there, silent.
2. Breathless, she rushed in through the back door.
with結構是許多英語複合結構中最常用的一種,在句中表狀態或説明背景情況,該結構常做伴隨、方式、原因、條件等狀語,也可作為定語。基本用法為以下幾種:
一、with或without 名詞/代詞 形容詞
例如:
1. I like to sleep with the windows open.(伴隨情況)
2. With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it'll rain presently.(原因狀語)
二、with或without 名詞/代詞 副詞
例如:
1.She left the room with all the lights on.(伴隨情況)
2.The boy stood there with his head down.(伴隨情況)
三、with或without 名詞/代詞 介詞短語
例如:
1.He walked into the dark street with a stick in his hand.(伴隨情況)
2. With the children at school, we can't take our vacation when we want to.(原因狀語)
四、with或without 名詞/代詞 非謂語動詞
(一)with或without 名詞/代詞 動詞不定式,此時,不定式表示將發生的動作。
例如:
1.With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.(原因狀語)
2. With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out.(原因狀語)
PS: 寫到這裏給大家做一個句子對比,就如上文的例子,如果僅使用普通的句式表示原因,通常就會用Because he had a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out. 但是這個句子就較為普通,相反,換成with複合結構效果就不一樣了,With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out.下文的原因狀語例子大家都可換用試試。
(二)with 名詞 (或代詞) 現在分詞,此時,現在分詞和前面的名詞或代詞是邏輯上的主謂關係。
例如:
1.With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.(原因狀語)
2. With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.(伴隨情況)
(三)with 名詞 (或代詞) 過去分詞,此時,過去分詞和前面的名詞或代詞是邏輯上的動賓關係。
例如:
1.I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.(伴隨情況)
2.She had to walk home with her bike stolen.(原因狀語)
五、with或without 名詞/代詞 補語
例如:
1.Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.
2. He wondered if he could slide out of the lecture hall without anyone noticing (him).
注意:with 不定式和 分詞的區別:加不定式是指將要進行的動作,加分詞是指主動或被動動作。
六、with 賓語(名詞,代詞) 名詞
例如:
1. He died with his daughter a schoolgirl.
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