考博英語閲讀理解答題要掌握的三點
一、順接關係:
即下文所述內容是對前文的進一步解釋,與前句內容相近,相輔相成
順接關係通常由下列關係詞連接:thus, therefore, similarly , first, second, third…last(ly), generally speaking, in other words等; 另外還有例證關係詞:for example, for instance; 以及表總結關係的詞,in conclusion, all in all, in a word等。考生需要注意的是當段落中無明顯關係詞時,通常視為順承關係。這種關係在考博英語試題文章中出現的是最多的,需要從句意關聯上判定出來。例如試題中的這段話,句間全是順承關係,第二句和第三句是對第一句的解釋,第五句是對第四句的解釋。
It’s a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes.
二、因果關係:
因果關係的句子是描述兩個事物之間的內在關聯,往往是出題考察的重點。
要快速的識別因果關係,首先要了解考博英語中常見的因果關係詞:because, since, as, for, due to, owing to, thanks to, contribute to, attribute to, in that等。有時候文章中雖然沒有出現表示因果關係的標誌性詞語,但是在邏輯上也存在着因果關係,這個時候考生就需要自己進行判斷和推理。例如下文:第一句話中分詞結構Feeling threatened就表示原因;第二句話就是第一句的結果表現。
Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might—surprise!—fall off. The label on a child’s Batman cape cautions that the toy “does not enable user to fly”.
三、轉折關係:
表明下文內容與前文之間是相反關係,相互對立。
考博英語中常見的錶轉折的關係詞有:however, yet, but, while, nevertheless, nonetheless, despite等。 區分句間是屬於順承關係還是轉折關係,主要看文中是否有轉折詞,沒有則為順承關係,有則為轉折關係。 如下文:
While warnings are often appropriate and necessary—the dangers of drug interactions, for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.
總之,考博英語閲讀對速度的要求是很高的,考生要提高自己的閲讀速度,就必須具備區分句間關係的能力。這樣才能快速抓住文章的重點信息句,快速匹配題目。這種能力的培養需要一個漸進的過程,關鍵還是多分析試題,養成劃重點句的習慣。