高中英語語法知識點總結:形容詞和副詞
考向一 形容詞、副詞的基本用法
1.形容詞作狀語表示伴隨或結果,並不表達動作的方式。
After the long journey,the three of them went back home,hungry and tired.
經過長時間旅行後,他們三個回到家,又餓又累。
2.有些副詞還可以作連詞,作副詞時常放在句末。如:though,(ever)since,in case等
He is old. He works hard,though.
=Though he is old,he works hard.
雖然他年事已高,但他工作還是很努力。
3.有些副詞置於句首可修飾全句,作評註性狀語。如:obviously,naturally,surprisingly等
Fortunately,he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.
幸運的是,他沒被淹死,被解放軍給救了。
Happily for her,her stepmother was kind to her.
高興的是,她的繼母對她很好。
4.can not/never 與enough 或too連用表示:無論怎樣都不過分;越……越好。
—I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden,a car cut in and knocked me down.
——我正在大街上獨自一人騎自行車,突然一輛小汽車強行超車把我撞倒了。
—You can never be too careful in the street.
— —在大街上你越小心越好。
考向二 形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級
1."as+形容詞+(a/an)+名詞+as"表示同級比較,注意中間的形容詞和名詞並列時各自所在的位置。
It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
人們普遍認為,教學是一門科學,同時也是一門藝術。
2."as+形容詞/副詞的原級+as"與"not as/so+形容詞/副詞的原級+as"表示同級比較,即兩個或兩部分人或物在性質上或程度上相同(不同)。
The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.
這項工作不是像你想像的那麼難。
3."the+比較級+of the two +名詞"表示"兩者中較……的那個"。
The taller of the two boys is my brother.
兩個男孩中較高的那位是我哥哥。
4.a+形容詞比較級+n.……
After two years’ research,we have a far better understanding of the disease.
研究兩年之後,現在我們對這種病有更好的理解。
We went to the USA in search of a better life.
為了尋找更美好的生活我們去了美國。
5.比較級的修飾語常見的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any(用於否定句或疑問句),a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit 等。
The students study even harder than before.
學生們學習比以前更努力了。
A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.
汽車比自行車跑得快得多。
6.最高級
(1)最高級的修飾語常見的有:序數詞,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like。
The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.
目前正在建的那座橋是橫跨黃河之上的橋當中最長的橋。
I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.
我想買僅次於最貴的照相機。
(2)否定詞+比較級=最高級。
There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.
為朋友而放棄生命的人的愛是最偉大的愛。
—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?
——你對他在會議上説的滿意嗎?
—No. It couldn’t have been worse.
——不,不能再差了。
【巧學妙記】
【難點釋疑】
比較級表示最高級含義
1. 比較級+than any other+可數名詞單數
The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. 在中國,長江比其他任何一條河流都長。
2. 比較級+than all(the) other+可數名詞複數
China is larger than all the other Asian countries. 中國比亞洲的其他國家都大。
3. no/never/nothing...+比較級
Nothing is more valuable than time. 時間比任何東西都珍貴。
4. "否定詞+不定冠詞+形容詞的比較級+名詞"或"否定詞+副詞的比較級"表示"從未……;未曾……"
This film is very moving. I have never seen a better one. 這部電影很感人,我從沒有看過一部比它更好的。
考向三 倍數表達法
表示倍數的句型:
(1)A is+倍數+比較級+than+B
(2)A is+倍數+as+原級+as+B
(3)A is+倍數+the+名詞(size,length,height 等)+of+B
(4)A is+倍數+that+of+B
(5)A is+倍數+what 引導的名詞性從句
①This building is three times higher than that one.
This building is three times as high as that one.
This building is three times the height of that one.
這個建築物是那個建築物的3倍高。
②The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.
=The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.
今年的產量是2008年的三倍。
③After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before.
自從新技術被引進以後,這家工廠2008年生產的小汽車是上一年的兩倍。
考向四 多個形容詞修飾名詞的順序
多個形容詞修飾名詞時,其順序為:
限定詞→數詞→描繪詞→(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,顏色) →出處→材料性質→類別→名詞
a small round table
a tall gray building
a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school
an expensive Japanese sports car
考向五 形容詞、副詞辨析
形容詞副詞的區別及用法
1. late 和later
He is late. He is half an hour late.
他遲到了,遲到了半小時。
Three minutes later, he arrived.
三分鐘後,他來了。
2. pleased, pleasing與pleasant
(1)pleased的含義是“感到滿意,高興”,後常跟介詞at, with。例如:
I'm pleased to see you here.
在這兒見到你很高興。
She's pleased with our programme.
她對我們的節目很滿意。
(2)pleasing表示“令人欣喜的”,相當於“giving pleasure”。例如:
My sister's progress in dancing is pleasing.
我姐姐在舞蹈方面的進步令人高興。
The baby has a pleasing voice.
這個嬰兒的聲音很悦耳。
(3)pleasant表示“快樂的,愉快的”。例如:
The girl has a pleasant childhood.
這個女孩有一個快樂的童年。
To have a pleasant holiday is my favorite.
過一個愉快的假期是我最喜歡的。
3. living, alive與live
(1)living作定語時,既可置於所修飾的名詞之前,也可置於所修飾的名詞之後,譯為"活着的,當代的"。在句中充當定語及表語。例如:
Not all living things live on sunlight.
並非所有的生物都依賴陽光生存。
My grandparents are still living.
我的祖父母仍然健在。
(2)alive譯為“活着的”,可以在句中作表語及定語。作定語時,位於它所修飾的名詞之後。例如:
He may be the busiest person alive.
他可能是世上最忙的人了。
Is that sheep dead or alive?
那頭羊是死了還是活着?
(3)alive還有“活潑的,活動的,有生機的”之意。例如:
You seem very much alive today.
你今天看起來很活躍。
(4)live表示“活着的”,做“現場直播”講時可以用作形容詞、副詞,在句子中可以作定語,表語。
The programme is live./The programme is broadcast live.
這個節目是現場直播的。
4. worth,worthy與worthwhile
(1)worth意為“值得的”,後接v-ing形式,構成“be worth doing”結構,也可接表示價格的名詞及錢數;
(2)worthy意為“值得的”,後接“of+名詞(或being+過去分詞)”,構成“be worthy of+名詞(或being done)”結構或“be worthy to be done”結構。
(3)be worthwhile to do sth/doing sth例如:
This coat is worth one hundred yuan.
這件上衣價值一百元。
This problem is worthy of being discussed.
這個問題值得討論。
5. too、also、either
too和also用於肯定句、疑問句,too多用於口語,also多用於書面語,either用於否定句。Too常用在句末,also常用在句中。
Are they coming too ?
他們也來嗎?
She is young and beautiful, and also rich.
她年輕漂亮,而且有錢。
He hasn’t finished it, either.
他也還沒有做完。
6. likely與possible, probable
likely 的主語可以是it也可以是名詞或其它代詞,而possible和probable只能用it作主語。
7. most 與mostly
most做形容詞或代詞,如:most students, most of us;mostly為副詞,表示大部分情況下,或成分中大部分。如:
考向六 幾組難點句型詳解
句型1:A is 倍數+the size/length/weight/height…of B.如:
The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.
新擴建的廣場是前一個的四倍大。
句型2:A is to B what C is to D. 意為“A對於B就如C對於D。”如:
Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals. 發動機對於機器就如心臟對於動物。
句型3:can't be too+adj. = can't be+adj.+enough無論……都不為過,越……越…… 如:
You can never be careful enough.= You can never be too careful.你無論怎麼小心都不為過。
句型4:too…to句型的兩個意義
(1) 表示否定意義,意為“太……而不能”。如:
This question is too hard for me to understand.
這個問題對我來説太難理解了。
(2) 表示肯定意義,意為“非常,很,極”。當too後面接easy,ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful, delighted等形容詞時,too表示“很,非常”之意,與very表達“很”的意思相同。當too前有all, but, only等詞時,形成only /but/all too…to do結構,仍舊錶達“非常,很,極”之意。如:
I’m too glad to hear that.
我對此感到非常高興。
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