時態 | 一般過去時
今天我們要學習的是一般過去時。
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概念引入
I. 何時使用一般過去時？
一般過去時表示在過去某個時間裏發生的動作或存在的狀態。
例如：Lin Tao left for Shanghai at 8:00 yesterday morning.林濤昨天早上八點去上海了。
He was ill last night.昨晚他生病了。
它可以具體分為以下幾種情況：
1）表示過去經常或反覆發生的動作。
例如：Li Tao always went to work by bus last term.上學期李濤一直乘公共汽車上班。
2）表示已故的人曾經做過的事情。
例如：Lao She wrote many great works. 老舍寫過許多膾炙人口的作品。
3）表示過去所發生的一系列的動作。
例如：The old man came into the room, took off his clothes and went to bed.這位老人走進屋，脱下衣服，然後上牀睡覺了。
Mr. Black got up at six o'clock this morning, dressed, had breakfast, and went to work.
布萊克先生今天早上六點起牀、穿衣服、吃飯，然後去上班了。
II.如何識別一般過去時？
每個時態都會有其獨特的標誌性詞語（主要是時間狀語），我們可以稱其為“標誌詞”。一般過去時常見的標誌詞有：
1. yesterday, the day before yesterday.
2. last week / year / month / term …(簡稱last系列)
3. two hours ago, three years ago, a moment ago…(簡稱ago系列)
4. in / on + 過去的年/月/日，如 in 1999, on April, 2005
5. just now, once upon a time, one day…
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用法講解
Ⅰ. be動詞的一般過去時。
在使用一般過去時的句子中，如果句子的謂語是be動詞，就要將be動詞變為過去式。主語是第一、第三人稱單數，be用was；如果是第二人稱或者其他人稱複數，be用were。它的一般疑問句是把was（were）提到句首；否定句是在was（were）的後面加not。特殊疑問句是在一般疑問句的前面加特殊疑問詞。
例如：My mother was busy last night. 我的媽媽昨天晚上很忙。（肯定句）
We weren’t at school at that time. 那時我們不在學校。（否定句）
Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家嗎？（一般疑問句）
Where were you last night? 你昨天晚上在哪裏？（特殊疑問句）
注意：there be句型中be動詞的使用。
當主語是單數名詞或者不可數名詞時be動詞用單數；當主語是名詞複數時be動詞用複數。
例如：There was a strong wind just now. 剛才有一陣強風。
There were many people in the supermarket last night.
昨天晚上超市有很多人。
Ⅱ. 行為動詞的一般過去時。
1）基本用法。
謂語動詞是行為動詞的句子，在一般過去時中，要將作謂語的行為動詞變成過去式。行為動詞的過去式，一般情況下是在動詞原形的後面加－ed構成，沒有人稱和數的變化。
例如：I wanted to have a rest just now. 我剛才想休息一下。
它的否定句要在謂語動詞的前面加助動詞didn’t，此時，謂語動詞要變成原形。
例如：My mother watched TV last night. 我媽媽昨天晚上看電視了。（肯定句）
My mother didn’t watch TV last night. 我媽媽昨天晚上沒有看電視。（否定句）
2）行為動詞的過去式的構成。
在一般過去時的句子中，行為動詞過去式分為規則變化和不規則變化。
規則變化有：
(1) 一般在動詞的後面加－ed。例如：work－worked，look－looked。
(2) 以字母e結尾的動詞，直接在詞尾加－d。例如：like－liked，live－lived。
(3) 以重讀閉音節結尾並且詞尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加－ed。例如：stop－stopped。
(4) 以輔音字母＋y結尾的動詞，先把字母y變為i再加－ed。例如：worry－worried。
不規則變化有：
do/does－did，go－went，write－wrote，see－saw，
begin－began，have/has－had等。
注意：在英語中不符合變化規則的詞很多，要特殊記憶。
例如：They left the farm a moment ago. 他們剛剛離開農場。
He swam in the river and had a good time.
他在小河裏游泳並且玩得很開心。
3）行為動詞的一般疑問句。
謂語動詞是實義動詞，一般疑問句要藉助於助動詞did。句型為：Did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 賓語？其回答仍藉助於助動詞，肯定回答用did，否定回答用didn’t。例如：
— Did he watch TV last night? 他昨晚看電視了嗎？
— Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t. 是的，他看了。/ 不，他沒有看。
4）行為動詞的特殊疑問句。
行為動詞的特殊疑問句句式是：“疑問詞 + did + 主語 +實義動詞 + 其他?”
What did you do the day before yesterday? 前天你們做什麼了？
When did the Green family arrive? 格林一傢什麼時候到達的？
拓展：常見的特殊疑問詞有：
人用who，whom；物用what；地點用where；時間用when，what time；原因用why；頻率用how often；長度用how long；距離用how far等。
例如：They went there last Sunday. (對劃線部分提問)
When did they go there?
The boy stayed in Beijing for two years. (對劃線部分提問)
How long did the boy stay in Beijing?
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鞏固練習
Ⅰ. 單項選擇。
1. My mother ______ an important meeting last night.
A. has
B. have
C. had
D. will have
2. －_______ your sister _______ her homework yesterday?
－No, she didn’t.
A. Does; does
B. Did; do
C. Did; did
D. Is; did
3. Your sister _______ her friend last Sunday.
A. isn’t visit
B. doesn’t visit
C. didn’t visit
D. won’t visit
4. －When ____ you _____ this article? － I ______ it last week.
A. will; write; write
B. do; write; wrote
C. did; write; wrote
D. did; write; write
5. Tommy is looking for the watch his uncle ____ him last month.
A. gives
B. gave
C. to give
D. has given
6. — When ______ you _______ the bike?
— Last month.
A. have; bought
B. had; bought
C. do; buy
D. did; buy
7. — _____ was your vacation?
— It was great.
A. Where
B. How
C. What
D. When
8. — ______ did they go last Friday evening?
— In the park.
A. Which
B. When
C. What
D. Where
9. — When ______ you come here?
— Two years ago. I have been here for two years.
A. do
B. will
C. did
D. have
10. — Hi, Kate. You look tired. What’s the matter?
— I ______ well last night.
A. didn’t sleep
B. don’t sleep
C. haven’t slept
D. won’t sleep
11. I ______ late for the class because I ______ill yesterday.
A. were; were
B. am; were
C. am; am
D. was; was
12. There ______ a film in the cinema last night.
A. is
B. was
C. were
D. are
13. It ______ cold yesterday, but it ______ warm today.
A. is; is
B. was; was
C. is; was
D. was; is
14. There ______ a ball and two books on the table just now.
A. is
B. was
C. were
D. are
15. Last Sunday my aunt ______ at home with me. We were watching TV all day.
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. are
真題鏈接
1. —What did you do for your mom on her birthday?
—I her a birthday cake.
A. buy
B. bought
C. will buy
D. have bought
2. — Has Mary ever visited Tower Bridge?
—Yes. She ______ it two years ago.
A. visits
B. visited
C. has visited
D. was visiting
3. —Will you see the film Cinderella with us tonight?
— No, I _________it last week.
A. see
B. have seen
C. saw
Ⅱ. 填空題。
A．用be動詞的適當形式填空。
1. What ______ the name of your first teacher?
2. — ______ his brothers naughty?
— Yes, they ______. But they ______ well-behaved now.
3.— Where ______ you last night?
— I ______at my grandparents’ home.
4. Where ______ Yao Ming born?
5. My parents ______ in Shanghai in 2006.
B．用括號內所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. A girl _______ (cry) for help last night.
2. He _______(point) to the book he wanted.
3. I _______(open) the window after I got up.
4. He knocked on the door and _______(enter).
5. Tom jumped up and _______(rush) to the door.
參考答案
Ⅰ. 單項選擇。
1. C。本句子的時間狀語last night是表示過去的時間，所以用一般過去時，have/has的過去式是had。
2. B。本句子是考查一般過去時的一般疑問句，用助動詞did構成，在did的後面用動詞原形。
3. C。本句子是考查一般過去時的否定句，用助動詞didn’t＋動詞原形構成。
4. C。從對話後面回答和時間狀語last week可以判斷是一般過去時，在問句中用助動詞did＋動詞原形構成。後面的回答用一般過去時。write的過去式是wrote。
5. B。本題考查定語從句的時態，從句意為“手錶是叔叔上個月給的”。由 “last month”可知用一般過去時，所以選B.
6. D。根據答語的last month，可知應該用一般過去時；一般過去時的特殊疑問句，助動詞應該用did，後面接動詞原形，所以答案為D。
7. B。根據答語可知，問句應該問“你的假期怎麼樣？”，所以疑問詞用how。
8. D。根據答語可知，問句問的是地點，對地點的提問，應該用where。
9. C。根據答語中的two years ago可知用一般過去時，一般疑問句助動詞用did。
10. A。根據答語中的last night可知用一般過去時，否定句用didn’t加動詞原形，所以答案為A。
11. D。根據句中的時間狀語yesterday可知用一般過去時。
12. B。根據時間狀語last night可知用一般過去時；由因為主語是a film，所以應該用was。
13. D。根據句中的時間狀語yesterday和today可知，第一個空用一般過去時，第二個空用一般現在時；因為主語是it，所以用was和is。
14. B。根據just now可知用一般過去時；there be句型要遵循“就近原則，由a ball決定謂語動詞用單數形式，所以答案為B。
15. A。根據last Sunday可知用一般過去時，因為主語my aunt是單數，所以用was。
真題鏈接：
1. B。由問句中did可知是一般過去時，所以答語也用一般過去時。
2. B。two years ago是過去時間，一般與一般過去式連用，故選B。
3. C。從答句後面的last week可知該句要用一般過去時，故選C。
Ⅱ. 填空題。
A．用be動詞的適當形式填空。
1. was 2. Were; were; are
3. were; was 4. was 5. were
B．用括號內所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. cried 2. pointed 3. opened
4. entered 5. rushed