CONJUNCTION
連詞是上海歷屆初三生都需掌握的知識點之一，它始終活躍在各大題之中，作用不容小覷。標*的部分尤其需要大家重視。
接下來我將根據《上海市初中英語學科教學基本要求》中的能力水平要求進行要點解析。
要點解析
概念連詞是虛詞，起着連接詞與詞、短語與短語、句子與句子的作用，所以連詞不能獨立擔任句子的成分。連詞包括並列連詞和從屬連詞。
（一）並列連詞
1. 表示並列關係
1）and的基本用法：and意為“和”“而且”，用來連接對等關係的詞與詞、短語與短語、句子與句子。
例句:I went to the Century Park and he went to the Disneyland.
and的特殊用法： and用在祈使句中，句型為“祈使句，and...”，相當於“If you...,you’ll...”。
例句:Use your head, and you’ll find a way. =If you use your head, you’ll find a way.
2）not only...but also（不但……而且……）；as well as（又，不但……而且……）；both...and（既……又……）這三個是同義詞組。在連接主語時謂語動詞的數有區別。
not only…but also連接主語時，謂語動詞隨鄰近的主語而定。
例句:Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.
Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.
as well as 連接主語時，謂語動詞隨as well as前面的主語而定。
Mr.Lin as well as his parents joins in the party.
both…and… 連接主語時，動詞用複數。
例句：Both Shanghai and New York have traffic problems.
3）neither...nor：既不……也不…… 用來否定both…and。連接主語時，謂語動詞隨鄰近的主語而定。
例句: Neither you nor he was selected for the job.
2. 表示選擇關係：
1) or的基本用法：or意為“或”。用來表示選擇。
例句: Which club do you prefer to join, the chess club C the dancing club?
A) so B) but C) or D) for （2020年中考真題）
or的特殊用法：or用於祈使句中，句型為“祈使句，or...=If you don’t...,you’ll...”，意為“請……，否則……”，有轉折的意思。
例句: Leave the reference books behind, or you won’t be able to think independently.（2015年中考真題）
補充：or疑問句的讀法：or前面的部分用升調，後面的部分用降調。
2) either…or 或者……或者: 連接主語時，謂語動詞隨鄰近的主語而定。
例句: Either you or he is right.
3. 表示轉折關係
but的基本用法: 意為“但是，可是，而”，表示轉折關係。
例句: Peter spent half a day fishing by the river, but he didn't catch anything.(2018年中考真題)
but的特殊用法: but還可以表示“除了……以外”。
例句：No one but she knew about it exactly.
補充：but和although不能在一起連用。
例句:It was raining hard, but they went on working.
=Although it was raining hard, they went on working.
4. 表示因果關係
1）so的基本用法：所以，因此；於是；非常；也，同樣
例句:The flight was delayed by the storm, so the passengers had to wait at the airport.(2016年中考真題)
例句:There was something wrong with my car, so I went to work by underground.(2019年中考真題)
2）for的基本用法：意為“因為“，是一個並列連詞，用來附帶解釋説明前一分句的原因或理由，for引導的並列句，一般放在所要説明的句子的後面來補充説明理由
例句:Jerry lost his way in the field, _____ the ground was covered with thick snow.
A) or B) for C) but D) so (2018黃埔一模)
例句:Joe was surprised that Jane was thirty minutes late, _______ she always arrived on time.
A) but B) so C) for D) or (2018虹口二模)
（二） 從屬連詞
常用的從屬連詞有:
1. 條件狀語從句: if, unless, as long as
2. 時間狀語從句：when, while, as, until, as soon as, before, after, since
3. 目的狀語從句: so that
4. 原因狀語從句: because, since, now that, as
5. 結果狀語從句：so…that, in order that
6. 讓步狀語從句：though, although, even if
7. 比較狀語從句: than, as…as, not as(so)…as
用法辨析
1. 條件狀語從句：
if意為“如果”，unless意為“除非；如果不”， 相當於if...not...，有時二者可以換用。
as long as意為“只要”。
例句: If you don’t visit him tomorrow, he will be angry
= He’ll be angry unless you visit him tomorrow.
The nurse won’t leave her patientsA she’s sure they are all taken good care of.（2016年中考真題）
A) unless B) because C) since D) if
Vivian will take her daughter to the amusement parkA she gets the tickets.（2020年中考真題）
A) if B) until C) although D) unless
2. 時間狀語從句：
1) when、while和as意為“當、、、時候”，有時可以互換。區別如下:
when引導的從句謂語動詞既可以是延續的也可以是非延續的, when還可以表示“就在這（那）時”。
while引導時間狀語從句，從句的謂語動詞要用延續性。while除了作“在....時候”解之外，還有一個重要用法，表示“對比”，可以譯為“而”。
as 意為“隨着”，“一邊、、、一邊”。
例句: When Linda came in, I was reading a novel.
My mother is cooking while my dad is reading a newspaper.
As you grow up, you’ll know better and better about yourselves.
Mr Black walked around and offered help Awe were doing an experiment.
A)while B)although C)until D)unless （2018年中考真題）
Tony was drawing a picture A I was doing my homework at that time.(2019黃埔二模)
A. while B. because C. until D. if
2)as soon as一……就, 當主句是一般將來時，as soon as引導的從句要用一般現在時.
例句: They will post the tickets to me as soon as they receive my check.
I gave the alarm as soon as I saw the smoke.
3)till和until既可以是從屬連詞，也可以是介詞；它們後面可以跟一個句子也可以跟名詞或詞組。句中（如果是主從複合句，則主句）的動詞若是終止性動詞，則要用否定式。一般認為till不如until正式，在書面語中不常用。
例句: He stayed there till/until his mother came back.
John didn't give up looking for a job Ahe got an offer from a German company.
A) until B) since C) because D) if （2014中考真題）
4）before意為“在……之前” 表示兩件事的先後關係。主句為肯定句時，before引導的從句動作後發生；主句為否定句時，before引導的從句動作先發生。
例句: I started my meal before he arrived. (從句動作後發生)
He didn’t arrive before I returned. （從句動作先發生）
補充：用在不同的結構中，連詞before譯成中文有不同的表達。
意為 “…(之後)才“，主句常用肯定形式。
例句: It will be ten years before we meet again.要十年後我們才能再相見。
意為“(不久)…就” 主句常為否定形式。
例句: It won’t be long before you regret. 不久你就會後悔的。
3. 目的狀語從句
so that, in order that的意思是“目的是……；結果……”，既可以引導目的狀語從句，也可以引導結果狀語從句。引導目的狀語從句時，從句的謂語裏常有can，could，may，might，will，would等情態動詞。而引導結果狀語從句時，則通常沒有情態動詞。
例句：The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present. (目的)
引導目的狀語從句可以和in order to / so as to進行轉換。
4. 原因狀語從句
because意為“因為”，引導原因狀語從句。常用於回答why引導的特殊疑問句，不能和so連用。as用於表示理由是已知的，多用於句首，語氣較弱。since相當於now that，意為“既然，由於”。表示對方已知道的事實和理由，語氣比because弱。
例句:
As it is raining, let’s stay at home.
Since no one is against it, we’ll pass it.
The two companies decided to work together A they had common interest. （2017年中考真題）
A) because B) unless C) but D) or
5. 結果狀語從句
so...that意為“如此/太……以至於……”，that引導結果狀語從句。若that後面的從句是否定句的話，可以用too...to句型。從句是肯定句用adj./adv.+ enough to.
例句: She was so exhausted that she couldn’t move on. (保持句意基本不變)
=She was too exhausted to move on.
She was so lucky that she won the first place in the English Speech Contest.(保持句意基本不變)
She was lucky enough to win the first place in the English Speech Contest.
6.讓步狀語從句
though/although意為“雖然”，引導讓步狀語從句。它們都不能與but連用。但可以和still, yet連用。
even if意思是“即使，儘管，雖然……也”，其所表達的意思比although更強烈，也可以強調假設性讓步。
例句：Even if it rains tomorrow, we will still keep our plan.
D the journey was tiring, Jeff thought it was worth both the time and the money.(2019年中考)
A.As B. Since C. Unless D. Although
7.比較狀語從句
than 意為“比”，as…as 意為 “像……一樣” not as(so)…as 意為 “不像……一樣”。
例句：He can sing as well as his sister.
He doesn’t do the homework as/so carefully as his brother.
Tom is taller than any other student in the class.