1. 當關系代詞用作主語時,多用主格who。例如:
He who loses hope loses all.
失去希望的人就失去一切。(先行詞為代詞he, they, any, all, one等時,多用who)
I met Alice, who told me that she was learning Chinese.
我遇見艾麗斯,她告訴我她在學漢語。(在非限制性定語從句中,用who)
2. 當關系代詞用作介詞後的賓語時,用賓格whom,不用that。例如:
The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher.
我們校長剛才與他談話的那個人是我們的英語老師。(介詞與關係代詞緊密相連時,只能用賓格whom,不可用主格who)
注意:介詞與關係代詞不是緊密相連時,或者説介詞放在句子後面時,這時可以用主格who,也可用that,還可以省略關係代詞。因此,上面的這句話還可以有如下四種説法:
(1) The man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.
(2) The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.
(3) The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.
(4) The man our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.
第4句簡潔、自然,所以口語中用得最多。
3. 當關系代詞泛指人時,多用that。例如:
He is a man that is never afraid of failure.
他是個從不怕失敗的人。(that用來泛指人)
4. 當關系代詞出現在who開頭的疑問句時,應用that。例如:
Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English
用英語同湯姆交談的那個女孩是誰 (避免重複使用who,以免造成誤解或語義含混不清)