KPF作品 | 倫敦The Scalpel辦公大樓
The Scalpel位於倫敦市中心，這棟令人驚歎的辦公樓高190米，由Kohn Pedersen Fox 為W.R. Berkley設計，作為 W.R. Berkley英國總部，並提供部分出租空間。巧妙的設計讓Scalpel大廈與周邊建築得以呼應，同時也進一步豐富了金融城“城市建築羣”以及倫敦天際線。地面層設置公共廣場，35層高的塔樓造型簡約，局部通過高反射玻璃和明快的金屬材料折線來強調外輪廓。
▼35層高的塔樓局部通過高反射玻璃和明快的金屬材料折線來強調外輪廓
▼Leadenhall大街視角
初期概念設計由KPF設計執行總監及創始合夥人，William Pedersen負責。“在倫敦，城市建築羣實際上組成了某種都市戲劇。其中每個參與者都是與眾不同的，但集合在一起後，他們又產生了一種建築對話。The Scalpel向後傾斜，確保不影響聖保羅大教堂景觀廊道，並與Leadenhall大廈共同營造出一種相對應但又互為鏡像的姿態，從而形成戲劇性的城市對話。”
William Pedersen, Design Principal and Founding Partner of Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates, led the early conceptual design stages: “In London, the City Cluster has created, in effect, a type of urban drama. Each participant is unique, but collectively they make an architectural conversation. 52 Lime Street leans back to respect the view corridor for St Paul’s Cathedral, creating a paired, but mirrored, gesture with the Leadenhall Building which makes for a theatrical urban conversation.
▼建築進一步豐富了金融城“城市建築羣”和倫敦天際線
▼The Scalpel向後傾斜，確保不影響聖保羅大教堂景觀廊道，並與Leadenhall大廈共同營造出一種相對應但又互為鏡像的姿態52 Lime Street leans back to respect the view corridor for St Paul’s Cathedral, creating a paired, but mirrored, gesture with the Leadenhall Building
“外形設計的最初設想就是創作出一個摺疊的摺紙工藝般的建築。隨着建築不斷上升，形制回折，最終停留在空中的某個點。一如既往地，我們希望我們設計的高層建築能與周邊環境相融合。之前我們從不曾有機會能在如此豐富和戲劇性的環境裏添上一棟我們的建築。”
“Giving our building a folded, origami-like quality, was the impetus for its form. As it rises, it folds back to mount to a point on the sky. As always, we intend for our tall buildings to be social participants in their contexts. Never have we had the opportunity to add one of our tall buildings to a context of such richness and drama.”
▼從倫敦市中心望向大樓
在項目剛開始時，城市建築羣仍處於起步階段。KPF與城市規劃部門合作，證明了一棟高層建築是完全可以維持街道界面，留存受保護的聖保羅大教堂景觀，並提升公共空間。
為了保護聖保羅大教堂的景觀，建築需從關鍵點位後退或向大教堂的穹頂後方傾斜。傾斜的外立面形成沉靜的輪廓，同時豐富了平面類型，提升了效率。在地面層，整潔的雕塑造型強化了較正式的城市規劃干預措施，同時塑造了鄰近周邊建築的外部空間，打造Leadenhall街建築沿街界面。建築體量也與周邊歷史保護建築形成對比，包括一級保護建築St Andrew‘s Undershaft教堂。
▼新的廣場上展示着由Joel Perlman創作的雕塑
At the outset of the project, the City Cluster was in its infancy. Working with the planning authorities, KPF demonstrated the potential for a tall building on the site that would maintain the street edge, preserve protected views of St Paul’s Cathedral and enhance the public realm.
To protect the view of St Paul’s Cathedral, the building needed either to be stepped or inclined behind the cathedral’s dome from key vantage points. The inclined façade offered a calm silhouette while providing a wider variety of floor plate types and greater efficiencies. The taut, sculptural form reinforces the more formal urban planning interventions at the ground floor, which shape the external space adjacent to the neighbouring buildings while holding the building line along Leadenhall Street. The massing also provides a counterpoint to the surrounding historic buildings including the Grade I listed church, St Andrew’s Undershaft.
▼局部反光的立面與周圍建築的豐富肌理相映成趣
▼外觀細部
偏心核心筒可提供開闊的無柱空間，提升平面使用效率，滿足不同租户的需求。落地窗可優化辦公室採光，同時提供可俯瞰整個倫敦的景觀視野。核心筒位於建築南側，與外立面相對，為室內空間提供遮陽，同時便於設計團隊為太陽得熱較高的外立面提供隔熱措施，降低空調需求，同時顯著減少能耗。建築獲得2014BREEAM “傑出”等級認證。
An offset core provides large uninterrupted and virtually column-free floor plates that are efficient to plan for a variety of tenants, with floor-to-ceiling glass optimising daylighting of the office floors and supplying spectacular views across London. This core is located on the south of the building, against the façade, which provides shading to the interior and allowed the project team to insulate the façade most directly affected by solar gain – reducing the demand for air conditioning and significantly reducing energy use. The building achieved an ‘Excellent’ rating under BREEAM 2014.
▼樓層中幾乎沒有立柱，為佈局規劃賦予了靈活性
室內空間採用高品質天然材料，其設計和細節經典而不失現代感，包括雙層高入口大廳，電梯廳，電梯轎廂和洗手間。自動扶梯上方三層高中庭天花照明設計模仿自然採光。地面層預留獨立咖啡店，可俯瞰新公共空間，為周邊區域注入活力。
Interior spaces, such as the double-height entrance lobby, lift lobbies, lift interiors and washrooms, feature timeless modern design and detailing, using a palette of high-quality natural materials. An illuminated ceiling to the triple-height atrium above the escalators, emulates natural daylight. Provision has been made for an independent coffee shop at ground floor level, overlooking the new public space, to activate and enliven the immediate area.
▼接待大廳
▼自動扶梯上方三層高中庭天花照明設計模仿自然採光
▼接待大廳細節
▼電梯廳
▼石灰石樓梯
▼入口大廳的石灰石樓梯是在與石匠的密切合作下完成
▼石灰石樓梯細節
The Scalpel外立面使用四塊頗具寓意的石材浮雕板—Woodford石板，分別代表土壤、空氣、火和水。這些石材最初用於1957年開放的Lloyd’s 大廈，由著名雕塑家James Woodford雕刻，之後又移至Lime Street 52-54號牆面，現在位於The Scalpel的外立面。
Four allegorical stone relief panels – the Woodford Stones – representing the classical elements of earth, air, fire and water, have been incorporated in the façade of 52 Lime Street. Commissioned from the renowned sculptor James Woodford for the previous Lloyd’s building, which opened in 1957, the stones had been moved to the party wall of the former 52-54 Lime Street. They were relocated to 52 Lime Street as part of the new development.
▼The Scalpel外立面使用四塊頗具寓意的石材浮雕板
▼從Leadenhall大街望向建築立面
▼城市中的The Scalpel大樓
▼一層平面圖
▼4層平面圖
▼19層平面圖
▼30層平面圖