無論是在國內備考英語，還是在國外留學。很多小夥伴經常頭疼的一個問題就是寫作。明明看過很多很優美很漂亮的句子，輪到自己下筆時就是寫不出來。並不是你英語水平不夠，而只是你學習方法不對。來和學霸君一起看看正確的寫作提高姿勢吧~
From 英文悦讀
你在寫作時可能會遇到一個問題：很多文章明明讀起來很簡單，為什麼自己動筆時卻寫不出那樣的文字？
對這一問題淺顯的解釋是：這些文章只是表面上看起來很簡單，但實際上裏面包含很多知識點，如果閲讀時關注點不對，就很容易錯過它們。
很多人在閲讀時更多關注內容本身。他們在讀完一篇英語故事後很長一段時間內會記得故事的情節和主要人物，但 很少關注文章的語言，這導致他們幾乎記不住文章裏面有哪些好詞好句以及語法知識點。
雖然閲讀時只關注內容能讓我們更快獲取信息，但 從語言學習的角度出發，這種閲讀方式對寫作和口語提升的幫助卻很有限，因為整個過程中並沒有多少語言知識點能夠真正內化，為我們所用。因此，要做到從“讀得懂”到“寫得出”的轉變，關鍵還是要 在閲讀時多將關注點放在語言本身。舉個例子：
Middle-aged men from disadvantaged backgrounds are twice as likely to be single as those from rich families, according to a new study.
上面這句話很容易理解：比起那些來自富裕家庭的中年男人，貧困背景出身的中年男人有兩倍的可能性會單身。
但很多人這句話讀完也就過去了，沒有留意到一個看起來很簡單句式：
somebody is XX times as likely to do something as somebody。
這是一個比較結構。實際上這一句式可以很方便地用在各種場合中，比如：
Studies show that students in the city are three times as likely to go to college as their rural counterparts.
Teenagers from poor backgrounds in the United States are twice as likely to end up behind bars as those from well-off families.
通常情況下， 一篇英語文章不管看起來多簡單，如果你仔細研究的話，裏面肯定會有一些值得我們學習的知識點，而我們要做的就是找出這些知識點並將它們變成自己的東西。這裏再舉一個例子，來自The Economist的一個文章開頭片段：
BARUUD ABOKOR has lived in Baligubadle for the past four decades. Before settling in this remote Somali town abutting the border with Ethiopia, he roamed widely. “I was master of myself,” he says. “The economy was good and I had many animals.” But over the years successive droughts, and war between the breakaway region of Somaliland that he inhabits and the central government down south in Mogadishu, have taken their toll. His herd of more than 100 sheep has shrunk to a dozen. Somaliland, like elsewhere in the Horn of Africa, has this year suffered from the worst drought in living memory. But Mr Abokor is staying put.
下面加標註的是所有值得注意的語言點：
BARUUD ABOKOR has lived in Baligubadle for the past four decades. Before settling in this remote Somali townabuttingthe border with Ethiopia, he roamedwidely. “ I was master of myself,” he says. “The economy was good and I had many animals.” But over the years successive droughts, and war between the breakaway region of Somalilandthat he inhabitsand the central government down south in Mogadishu, have taken their toll. His herd of more than 100 sheep hasshrunk to a dozen. Somaliland, like elsewhere in the Horn of Africa, has this year suffered from the worst drought in living memory. But Mr Abokor is staying put.
settle in somewhere是指“在某地安定下來”，例如：In China, tens of millions of migrant workers have settled in big cities since the reform and opening-up policy was implemented three decades ago.abut是一個生詞，它是指土地或者建築物鄰接，毗連，abut在這裏用得很準。roam是指漫無目的的閒逛，遊蕩，劍橋詞典裏面有這樣的例句：She roamed around America for a year, working in bars and restaurants.她花了一年的時間在美國各地遊歷，一路在酒吧和飯店裏打工。I was master of myself. 即“我以前是自己命運的主人”，注意這句話用的是過去時was，而不是am，這意味着主人公現在已經不能像以前那樣決定自己的命運了。over the years看起來足夠簡單，但寫作時能夠用的人還真不多。它的含義是“這些年來”，例如：We have had a lot of fun over the years. 這些年來我們過得很開心。successive droughts是指“連續不斷的乾旱”，要表達“連續三天下雪”，可以説：It snowed for three successive days.the breakaway region of Somaliland是指“從索馬里蘭脱離出去的地區”。inhabit是“居住”的意思，但它比live更為正式。something takes its toll 是一個固定搭配，含義是“造成不利影響”，它可以用來代替have a negative effect on something，例如在寫環境污染的話題時可以説：Traffic fumes contribute to air pollution in the city, taking a toll on people’s health.這裏你仔細讀的話會注意到his herd of more than 100 sheep 後面用的是has，而不是have，這裏his herd of more than 100 sheep 是當成一個整體來理解，所以謂語動詞用第三人稱單數。in living memory是一個固定用法，含義是“在人們的記憶中”，例如：the coldest winter in living memory 人們記憶中最寒冷的冬天stay put也是一個固定用法，含義是“留在原地不動”，例如：Nigel says for the moment he is very happy to stay put in Lyon. 奈傑爾説目前他很樂意留在里昂。
做精讀時可以按照上面的方法去分析學習，但同時要注意的一點是，這樣的分析會比較耗時，如果對每篇文章都這樣操作不太現實。
一個比較好的方法是 每天選擇三到四段文本做精讀，掌握其中的知識點。平時泛讀也要有留意語言點的習慣，而不僅僅是關注故事本身，這樣才能真正學到東西。