#高考英語閲讀技巧#
一説到學習,很多人都這麼認為:聰明的孩子,成績好是自然的,而成績不好就是太笨,沒有學習的天分。
通過對考入名校的200個學霸調查發現:但凡那些成績好的學生,基本都善於總結和運用學習方法和技巧,從而在學習中事半功倍。
學習上,沒有笨的孩子;只有不會學的孩子。
距離高考還有不到一個月的時間,這段時間不僅要複習各科知識,還要掌握一些答題技巧和方法,以便在高考中游刃有餘。
今天,小天就為大家整理了英語閲讀理解的一些解題方法和技巧,幫助考生們衝刺英語高分。
英語閲讀理解——3個答題方法
1. 語塊閲讀法
顧名思義,就是在閲讀的時候,將句子中的重點語塊作為突破對象,提高閲讀速度、答題效率。
The most hopeful data shared in the report 1/ shows clear evidence of 2/ parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids 3/ when it comes to reading. 4/ Data shows that 5/ kids and teens who do read frequently, 6/ compared to infrequent readers, 7/ have more books in the home, 8/ more books purchased for them, 9/ parents who read more often, 10/ and parents who set aside time for them to read. 11
這個文段共67詞,如果逐字閲讀,即進行67個頻次的閲讀。如果以語塊為單位進行閲讀,很明顯,11個頻次就可以完成。通過兩個數據對比,我們發現以語塊為單位來閲讀時,閲讀速度是非常快的。考生可以在練習的時候,自己試一試。
2. 關鍵詞閲讀法
關鍵詞也可以叫作關鍵信息,把握文中的關鍵信息點,以此來選擇正確的答案。
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
(2019全國II卷 閲讀C)
What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
A. Food variety. B. Eating habits.
C. Table manners. D. Restaurant service.
通過對關鍵詞的把握,我們可以明確這段文字的內容:與飲食相關的研究報告。報告中利用數據説明了美國人獨自就餐這一現象越來越普遍。故答案為B。
3. 掌握長難句
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影響)on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.(2019全國II卷 閲讀D)
What is the best title for the text?
A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts
B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier
C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom
D. HUNCH: A College Admission Reform
該段落畫線句子是一個複合句。句中謂語動詞“says”後面的賓語從句省略了引導詞“that”,“readying a workable solution to test in space.”為現在分詞短語作狀語。由該句可知,學生們每天都在給“NASA engineers”發送關於細菌問題的電子郵件,準備一個可行的解決方案在太空中進行測試。瀏覽全文,結合該句,可以看出本文主要介紹了“NASA engineers”把細菌問題交給這些高中生們,目的是將科技與學校教育結合起來。所以答案為B。
4. 熟詞生義
Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body?(2017全國I卷閲讀A)
詞義分析:“feed”常見意思為“餵養,飼養”,本句中的“feed”意思為“to satisfy a need, desire, etc. and keep it strong”,也就是“滿足需要、願望等”。
句子翻譯:我們的可以充實你的心靈,但你的身體呢?
Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.(2017全國III卷閲讀B)
詞義分析:“complex”一般用作形容詞,意為“複雜的”,本句中“complex”為名詞,意思為“a group of buildings designed for a particular purpose, or one large building divided into several smaller areas”,也就是“綜合大樓”。
句子翻譯:布拉德福德把這棟樓和這塊地賣給了當地的一個開發公司,這家公司計劃在這家劇院所在的這塊土地上建一棟綜合購物大樓。
閲讀理解4個解題技巧
1. 主旨大意
1)正確選項特點
(1)具有概括性、總結性;
(2)選項不是具體的細節描述。
2)錯誤選項特點
(1)對主旨的概括不夠準確,用某一個段落的主旨概括文章主旨;
(2)將文章中的一個細節作為主旨;
(3)對主旨的概括過於誇大,超出文章實際主旨的層面;
(4)偷換概念,故意將文章中的兩個不相干的事物混搭在一起,與文章主旨不符;
(5)無中生有。
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones, or worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.(2018全國II卷 閲讀D,有刪減)
What is the best title for the text?
A. Conversation Counts B. Ways of Making Small Talk
C. Benefits of Small Talk D. Uncomfortable Silence
正確選項分析:快速閲讀第一段,未找到主題句,接着閲讀第二段及最後一段,根據第二段最後一句以及最後一段最後一句可知,專家説閒聊是一種可帶來巨大益處的極有價值的社交行為,且閒聊是禮貌的基礎。C項意為“閒聊的好處”,與文章主題一致,因此答案為C項。
錯誤選項分析:A項意為“會話很重要”,屬於偷換概念。“Conversation(會話,交談)”和“Small Talk(閒聊)”不是一回事;B項意為“進行閒聊的方式”,文章中沒有就閒聊的方式或做法給出具體的解釋,所以此選項屬於無中生有;D項意為“令人不舒服的沉默”,該現象只在第一段提到,不是全文的主旨,該選項屬於以偏概全。
2. 細節理解
1)正確選項特點
(1)文章關鍵詞復現,即文章關鍵詞直接做選項;
(2)替換文章關鍵詞,即把文章中要考查的關鍵詞轉換為同義詞或短語,作為正確選項;
(3)句子簡化,即將文章中的一些複雜句子進行簡化,作為正確選項。
2)錯誤選項特點
(1)誇大或縮小細節;
(2)偷換概念,也稱作張冠李戴,即將文章中某個細節的相關人或事物進行錯位排列,這種選項很容易被學生當作正確選項;
(3)答非所問,即選項中的描述與文章一致,屬於文章中的一個細節,但是與題設所問不符;
(4)段落相關信息干擾。
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store
Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位於)upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.
(2017全國I卷 閲讀A)
Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?
A. In Building 1. B. In Building 3.
C. At the Laser Dome. D. At the Denny Way entrance.
正確選項分析:
根據題設中的關鍵詞“souvenir”快速定位到文章第一段,快速閲讀第一段可以發現這個商店位於Building 3,所以答案為B項。
錯誤選項分析:
A、D兩項屬於答非所問;C項和文章中“next to the Laser Dome”有些相似,屬於段落相關信息干擾。
3. 推理判斷
1)正確選項特點
(1)在文章中可以找到支撐選項的細節信息,即推理有據;
(2)推理的結論或態度與文章主題相符合。
2)錯誤選項特點
(1)只是原文細節信息的複述,並非推斷出來的結論,把直接信息當作推理結論;
(2)看似是從原文推斷出來的結論,實際上與原文不符,如因果倒置、手段變目的等;
(3)選項雖然符合常識,但與文章信息不符;
(4)將文章中的一些細節誇大化、絕對化,推理過度;
(5)無中生有。
“You can use me as a last resort(選擇), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse(長曲棍球)club.
I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.(2019全國II卷 閲讀B)
What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1?
A. She knows little about the club.
B. She isn’t good at sports.
C. She just doesn’t want to volunteer.
D. She’s unable to meet her schedule.
正確選項分析:
根據文章第一段中的“You can use me as a last resort, and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.”以及第二段中的“She may just need a little persuading.”可以推斷出,這位家長不想做一名志願者。因此正確答案為C項。
錯誤選項分析:
A項意為“她幾乎不瞭解長曲棍球俱樂部”,D項意為“她不能應付自己的日程安排”,這兩個選項都不屬於推理判斷結論;B項意為“她不擅長運動”,文章未提及該信息,也沒有能推出該結論的相關信息,屬於無中生有。
4.詞義猜測
1)正確選項特點
(1)畫線詞的同義詞或同義短語;
(2)畫線句的同義轉述或概括。
2)錯誤選項特點
(1)畫線詞的常見意思;
(2)與畫線詞所在句子意思相符,但不符合畫線詞所在段落的主題;
(3)隨意猜測,不合邏輯。
Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”(2016全國II卷 閲讀B)
What does the underlined word “downside” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden.
正確選項分析:
根據畫線詞後面的句意可知,作者鼓勵孩子們這種思維可能會面臨失去那些有不同思維風格的學生的危險。由此判斷出這種做法有它不利的一面。B項意為“缺點,障礙”,與畫線詞意思相近,故答案為B項。
錯誤選項分析:
A項意為“錯誤”;C項意為“困難”;D項意為“負擔”。這幾個干擾項只符合句子表面意思,但不符合上下文意思和段落主旨。