4月6日，為建立維護金融穩定的長效機制，央行發佈《中華人民共和國金融穩定法（草案徵求意見稿）》（以下簡稱“《金融穩定法》草案”），向社會展開為期一個月的公開徵求意見。
An employee of Lin'an Rural Commercial Bank counts banknotes at the bank's branch in Xitianmu area in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, on Feb 25, 2020. [Photo by Hu Jianhuan/For China Daily]
China's new draft law on financial stability has proposed a comprehensive framework of financial risk prevention that will help navigate the world's second-largest economy through the rising economic and financial headwinds at home and abroad, experts said on Thursday.
專家4月7日表示，最新起草的《金融穩定法》草案提出了全面的金融風險防範機制，將有助於引導作為世界第二大經濟體的中國克服國內外日益加劇的經濟和金融逆風。
As the fundamental legal basis of China's efforts to fend off major financial risks, the new legislation will serve to enhance financial resilience, strengthen the real economy and anchor market expectations, they said.
專家表示，作為中國抵禦重大金融風險的基本法律基礎，該新法律草案將有助於增強金融彈性，夯實實體經濟，並穩定市場預期。
The draft law, released on Wednesday, outlined a cross-agency mechanism for maintaining financial stability. It orders establishment of a fund for ensuring financial stability, calls for cooperation among different financial regulators and local authorities, and sets out punishments for financial institutions, regulators and individuals failing to perform their duties in terms of preventing financial risks.
4月6日公佈的法律草案明確了維持金融穩定的跨機構機制。提出設立金融穩定保障基金，呼籲各金融監管機構和地方政府合作，並強化對未能履行金融風險防範職責的金融機構、監管機構和個人的責任追究。
It is necessary to set up such a mechanism to safeguard the bottom line of preventing major financial risks, especially given "the complex economic and financial situation at home and abroad", the People's Bank of China, the country's central bank, said in a statement when releasing the draft.
中國人民銀行在聲明中稱，面對錯綜複雜的國內外經濟金融形勢，有必要建立金融風險防範、化解和處置制度，堅決守住不發生系統性金融風險的底線。
In its statement, the central bank said that although a number of laws had previously been issued to govern the financial system, there remains a lack of systematic arrangements in terms of maintaining financial stability, with relevant provisions scattered in different sets of law and an absence of rules in relation to some key issues.
人民銀行在聲明中表示，儘管此前金融立法工作穩步推進，但在金融穩定方面，缺乏統籌安排，相關條款分散於多部金融法律法規中，一些重要問題還缺乏制度規範。
Liu Junhai, director of the Business Law Center at Renmin University of China, said the new law is highly important as it will play a key role in financial risk prevention and coordinated actions by different authorities in this regard.
中國人民大學商法研究所所長劉俊海認為，《金融穩定法》至關重要，將在金融風險防範和各方協調行動中發揮關鍵作用。
"The new law will enhance the efficiency of financial risk prevention by reducing uncoordinated steps by different authorities, hence reinforcing the development basis for the financial system and providing the real economy with more solid financial support," Liu said.
他表示：“新法案將通過減少不同部門不一致的步調來提高金融風險防範效率，從而加強金融體系的發展基礎，併為實體經濟提供更堅實的金融支持。”
The draft law comes amid growing economic pressures at home and abroad. A COVID-19 surge and a real estate downturn have put more strains on the finances of real estate developers, smaller businesses and local governments, while external headwinds such as geopolitical uncertainties and monetary tightening in developed economies are on the rise.
《金融穩定法》草案出台之際，國內外的經濟壓力日益增大。新冠疫情暴發和房地產市場的低迷給房地產開發商、小企業和地方政府的財政帶來了更多壓力，而地緣政治不確定性和發達經濟體貨幣緊縮等外部不利因素也在增加。
Economic data has reflected the more complex external environment. Official data showed on Thursday that China's foreign exchange reserves fell to $3.188 trillion at the end of March, down 0.8 percent from a month earlier, due to a stronger US dollar and a fall in international bond markets.
經濟數據反映出更復雜的外部環境。4月7日的官方數據顯示，由於美元走強和國際債券市場下跌，截至3月底，中國外匯儲備降至3.188萬億美元，比一個月前下降0.8%。
Dong Dengxin, director of the Wuhan University of Science and Technology's Finance and Securities Institute, said the new law will improve China's ability to guard against cross-border and cross-sector financial risks and help anchor market expectations.
武漢科技大學金融證券研究所所長董登新表示，《金融穩定法》將提高中國防範跨境和跨部門金融風險的能力，並有助於鞏固市場預期。
Notably, the fund for ensuring financial stability proposed in the draft law will help stem the spread of risks in the initial stage of a financial crisis by smoothing market fluctuations and bailing out struggling financial institutions, he said.
他表示，值得注意的是，草案中提出的金融穩定保障基金有助於通過平抑市場波動和救助陷入困境的金融機構，在金融危機初始階段阻止風險蔓延。
The draft law, which is available for public comment until May 6, said the fund will be used as spare capital to handle major financial risks and will be financed by financial institutions and financial infrastructure operators. The central bank is allowed to provide liquidity support for the fund if necessary.
草案徵求意見截止時間為2022年5月6日。草案中明確，金融穩定保障基金將用於具有系統性影響的重大金融風險處置，由金融機構、金融基礎設施等主體籌集資金。人民銀行可以在必要時為基金提供流動性支持。
Apart from promoting coordinated steps among authorities in terms of risk resolution, the law will also encourage major shareholders of financial institutions to improve their internal risk management, Dong added.
董登新還稱，除了在風險解決方面促進政府部門之間的協調同步外，《金融穩定法》還將鼓勵金融機構的大股東優化其內部風險管理。
Also to anchor expectations and bolster the economy, China pledged more fiscal and monetary support on Wednesday. It was decided at an executive meeting of the State Council to postpone the old-age insurance premium payments of hard-hit enterprises and to set up re-lending facilities to support technological innovation and elderly care services.
此外，為穩定預期和提振經濟，中國政府4月6日承諾提供更多財政和貨幣支持。國務院常務會議決定，對特困行業實行階段性緩繳養老保險費政策，設立科技創新和普惠養老兩項專項再貸款。
Experts added that the country's decision to roll out a law and a fund to ensure financial stability is in line with international practices, as major economies have developed similar mechanisms.
專家認為，主要經濟體已經建立了類似機制，中國推出《金融穩定法》和金融穩定保障基金確保金融穩定的決定符合國際慣例。
After the 2008 global financial crisis, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act was passed in the United States in July 2010 to better scrutinize non-banking financial institutions.
2008年全球金融危機後，美國於2010年7月通過了《多德-弗蘭克法案》，以更好地審查非銀行金融機構。
Meanwhile, the US Treasury Department can use the Exchange Stabilization Fund-created in 1934-to mitigate instability in credit, securities and foreign exchange markets.
同時，美國財政部可以通過1934年創建的外匯穩定基金來緩解信貸、證券和外匯市場的波動。
來源：中國日報
編輯：董靜