初中英語7年級重難點語法 | There be 句型的用法

01概念引入

There be 句型也叫“存在句”,表示“在某地/時有某物/人”。本節課我們要學習這個句型的構成、陳述句和疑問句的變化以及它與have的區別等。

02用法講解

一、 There be句型的構成。

“There be +某物/某人+某地/某時”;此結構表示“某地/某時有某人/某物”。句中的there是引導詞,沒有詞義;be是句子的謂語動詞;“某人/物”是句子的主語;因此這個句式其實是一個倒裝句。(即:謂語或者謂語的一部分提到主語前面的句式。)例如:

I am a student. 我是一個學生。(普通語序的句子)

There is a girl in the classroom. 教室裏有一個女孩兒。(There be 句型)

二、There be句型用法。

1. There be句型的謂語動詞。

There be句型中,句子的謂語動詞是be,應該和後面的主語保持一致。當句子的主語是可數名詞的單數或者是不可數名詞的時候,be用is;如果句子的主語是可數名詞的 複數形式,be用are。例如:

There is some milk in the bottle. 瓶子裏有一些牛奶。

There are some apples on the table. 桌子上有一些蘋果。

注意:如果有兩個或者兩個以上的主語,謂語和與它最近的主語保持一致,這叫就近原則。例如:

There is a bed and two chairs in the bedroom.

卧室裏有一張牀和兩把椅子。

2. There be句型的句式變化。

(1)否定句

There be句型的否定句是在連繫動詞be的後面直接加not。例如:

There is not a boy in the room. 房子裏沒有一個男孩。

There isn’t any water in the bottle.瓶子裏沒有一些水。

(2)一般疑問句

There be句型的一般疑問句是把連繫動詞be提到句子的開頭,要大寫。它的肯定回答是:Yes, there is/are. 否定回答是:No, there isn’t / aren’t. 例如:

-Are there any flowers in the garden? 花園裏有一些花嗎?

-Yes, there are. 是的,有一些。

(3)特殊疑問句

There be句型的特殊疑問句是用“特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句”構成的,有以下三種形式:

①對主語提問時用who或者what;主語是人時用who, 是物時用what。

其中there在口語中常常省略。例如:

There is a bird in the tree. →What’s in the tree? 樹上有什麼?

There is a little girl in the room. →Who is in the room? 誰在房間裏?

注意:無論原句的主語是單數還是複數,對其提問時一般都用be的單數形式(回答時卻要根據實際情況來決定)。

There are some bikes over there. →What’s over there?

那邊有什麼?

② 對地點狀語提問:用 “Where is \ are + 主語?”表示(注意其答語變化)。例如:

There is a computer in my office. 我的辦公室有一台計算機。

→ -Where is the computer? 計算機在哪裏?

-It’s in my office. 在我辦公室。

There are four children in the classroom. 教室裏有四個孩子。

→-Where are the four children? 四個孩子在哪裏?

-They’re in the classroom. 他們在教室。

③ 對數量提問:一般有兩種提問方式, 如果主語是可數名詞,無論是單數還是複數,都用“How many +可數名詞複數 + are there + 介詞短語?”;如果主語是不可數名詞,則用“ How much + 不可數名詞 + is there + 介詞短語?”。例如:

There are twelve months in a year. 一年有12個月。

→How many months are there in a year? 一年有多少個月?

There is only one book in my bag. 我的包裏只有一本書。

→How many books are there in your bag? 你的包裏有幾本書?

There is a cat in the box. 箱子裏有一隻貓。

→How many cats are there in the box? 箱子裏有多少隻貓?

There is some money in my purse. 我的錢包裏有一些錢。

→How much money is there in your purse? 你的錢包裏有多少錢?

拓展:There be句型的反意疑問句用“陳述部分+be(not)there?”。例如:

There is a beautiful girl in the garden, isn’t there?

花園裏有一個漂亮的女孩,是嗎?

There are some books on the table, aren’t there?

桌子上有些書,是嗎?

She isn’t a student, is she?

她不是個學生,對嗎?

3. There be句型的各種時態。

There be句型的各種時態是由be的變化來體現的,例如:

一般現在時中,be是am/is/are。

e.g. There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子裏有一些水。

There are some flowers in the basket. 籃子裏有些花。

一般過去時中,be是 was/were。

e.g. There was a bike under the tree just now. 剛才樹下有一輛自行車。

There were some students in the classroom last night. 昨天晚上教室裏有些學生。

一般將來時中,be的前面要加上be going to / will, 此時謂語是is/are going to be或者will be。

e.g. There will be a match in our school tomorrow.

= There is going to be a match in our school tomorrow.

明天我們學校將要有一場比賽。

拓展:There be的中間可以用情態動詞表示“可能有或者一定有”的意思。例如:

There may be a tiger in the forest.

樹林裏可能有老虎。

There must be a boy crying in your room.

在你的房間裏一定有一個男孩在哭。

There be句型中be動詞在其它時態中的變化,我們可以在以後的學習中繼續總結。

鞏固練習

Ⅰ. 單項選擇。

1. There ______ a book and three pencils on the desk.

A. be   

B. is    

C. are    

D. am

2. _______ there a new bike in front of our classroom?

A. Is  

B. Are  

C. Do  

D. Does

3. There ______ any books on your desk.

A. aren’t   

B. isn’t   

C. don’t   

D. doesn’t

4. ______ _______ apples are there on the table? There are four.

A. How much   

B. How many  

C. How large   

D. How big

5. ______ ________ milk is there in the bottle? There is little.

A. How many   

B. How old 

C. How far   

D. How much

6. ______ your father _____ a new car?

A. Is; there   

B. Are; there 

C. Does; have   

D. Do; has

7. ______ less milk in this bottle than in that one.

A. There have

B. There has

C. There is

D. There are

8. —Again, my computer doesn’t work.

— _______ must be something wrong with the CPU.

A. There

B. That

C. It

D. This

9. There ______ a talk show on CCTV-3 at eight this evening.

A. is going to be

B. is going to have

C. will have

D. are going to be

10. —There ______ no milk in the fridge. Could you got some for me, Dick?

— All right, Mum.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

【真題鏈接】

1. There isn’t food in the fridge.

A. some

B. an

C. a

D. any

2.—How many _______ are there on the table?

—Eighteen.

A. milk

B. milks

C. bottle of milk

D. bottles of milk

3.There are________ in a year and December is ________ of the year.

A.twelve month; the twelfth month

B.the twelfth month; twelve months

C.twelve months; twelfth month

D.twelve months; the twelfth month

Ⅱ. 用be動詞的適當形式填空。

1. There _______(be)many things over there.

2. There _______ (be) a little girl in the room.

3. _______ there any water on the moon?

4. _______ (be) there any pictures on the wall?

5. There _______ (be not) a bike behind the tree.

6. There ________ (be) a dictionary and two books on the desk.

7. There ________ (be) some juice in the glass.

Ⅲ. 句型轉換。

1. There are some cars and buses on the street. (改為一般疑問句)

_______ there _______ cars or buses on the stress?

2. Is there a pay phone across from the library? (做否定回答)

No, _______ ________ .

3. There is a piece of paper on the table. (改為一般疑問句)

______ there ______ piece of paper on the table?

4. There are two pay phones in the neighborhood. (改為否定句)

There ________ two pay phones in the neighborhood?

5. There are 15 children in our class. (對劃線部分提問)

_______ ______ children _______ _______ in your class?

參考答案

Ⅰ. 單項選擇。

1. B。本句子是考查there be句型的主語和謂語保持一致的用法,在這個句型中be和與它最近的主語保持一致,a book是單數,所以be要用is。

2. A。本句子是考查there be的一般疑問句,不能用助動詞do或者does,直接把be提到句子開頭。本句子的主語是a new bike 所以be要用is,在句子的開頭要大寫。

3. A。本句子是考查there be的否定句,這個句型的否定句是在be的後面直接

加not,不能用助動詞don’t或者doesn’t。後面的名詞是複數形式,所以用aren’t。

4. B。本句子是考查表示“多少”的短語的用法,how many和how much都可以表示“多少”,但是how many的後面用可數名詞的複數形式;how much的後面用不可數名詞。本句子的名詞apples是可數名詞的複數形式,所以用how many。

5. D。本句子是考查表示“多少”的短語的用法,how many和how much都可以表示“多少”,但是how many的後面用可數名詞的複數形式;how much的後面用不可數名詞。本句子的名詞milk是不可數名詞,所以用how much。

6. C。本句子是考查表示“某人有某物”的用法,要用動詞have/has,不能用there be句型。本句子的主語是第三人稱單數,所以用助動詞does構成一般疑問句,does的後面用動詞原形,故選C。

7. C。句意:這個瓶裏的牛奶比那個瓶裏的少。本題考查There be 句型。There have形式不對,故排除A、B項;milk為不可數名詞,故排除D項,正確答案為C。

8. A。句意:—我的電腦又出故障了。—它的CPU肯定出問題了。There is something wrong with…是固定句式,意為:……有毛病了或者出故障了。情態動詞must在此表示肯定的推測。

9. A。本題考查There be 句型的用法。有句中的時間可知此句為一般將來時。一般將來時的There be 應該是There is/are going to be / There will be,故只有A項正確。

10. A。這是當前的對話,所以不用一般過去時,排除C、D項;milk 為不可數名詞,故選A。

【真題鏈接】

1.D。food這裏是不可數名詞,不能選B和C。some一般用在肯定句,any一般用在否定句。

2.D。how many後加可數名詞的複數,milk是不可數名詞,所以只有bottles符合題意。

3. D。十二個月的正確表達是“twelve months”。第十二個月的正確表達是“the twelfth month”。

Ⅱ. 用be動詞的適當形式填空。

1. are 2. is 3. Is

4. Are 5. isn’t

6. is 7. is

Ⅲ. 句型轉換。

1. Are, any 2. there, isn’t

3. Is, a 4. aren’t

5. How, many, are, there

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