從小到大,只要提起寫作文,老師都會要求我們要做到“邏輯嚴謹”“結構完整”。對於語文作文,想做到這點其實是挺難的,因為中文是意合語言,要考慮到每兩句話之間內在的邏輯。但是在寫英語作文的時候則容易得多!因為英語是一種“形合語言”,我們所需要做的就是運用“換詞大法”將作文從形式上+內容上進行全面升級!
首先我們來看一看如何在形式上運用“換詞大法”,我們將目前常用的過渡詞根據具體用法的不同,分成九類。此時的“換詞”意味著扔掉你那乾癟生硬的英語,在句子之間加上一些“過渡詞”,讓句子在形式上更完整。
1.解釋過渡詞
如果剛剛寫完一句話,然後想解釋一下,那麼你要用到的是“解釋過渡詞”:now, in addition, for, in this case, furthermore, in fact ,這類過渡詞能夠有效增加語句的說服力,同時增加文章字數。事實上,英語本身就是一種“解釋型語言”(漢語是一種“定義型語言”),解釋過渡詞用得好不好,直接體現了你的英語硬實力!
(1)The problem,?in this case, is hard to solve.
(2)Furthermore, several people telephoned the same night.
2.時間過渡詞
在記敘文裡面,時間順序是最重要的順序;在圖表文中,也常用表示時間的過渡詞來加強資料之間的聯絡以說明變化規律!
如下,是關於家庭消費結構變化的作文。
The average family income in our Kangming City increased from 8,000 yuan per year in 1998 to 20,000 yuan in 2008.In the meantime,?the structure of the average family expenses has changed, too. These graphs show the change clearly.
下面這句是大家常用的“現象解釋型”議論文的開頭模式:
Recently,?we have made a survey of the people on physical training.?Only 35 percent of the people?surveyed have taken part in physical activities.
3.強調過渡詞
如果你說完一個道理,感覺表達的不完整,想要強調一下,那麼你應該使用“強調過渡詞”,如:certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important
(1)Indeed, a dessert is always enjoyable.
(2)Above all, do not build an open fire in a forest.
4.轉折過渡詞
【but, however, although, though, yet, except for?】
(1)Yet?there was still a chance that he would win.
(2)Except for?one girl, all the hikers returned.
5.舉例過渡詞
【for example, for instance, thus, such, next?】
(1)For instance, a telegram often costs more than a telephone call.
(2)Thus?the trip finally began.
6.遞進或補充過渡詞
【in addition,furthermore,also,moreover,yet?】
(1)In addition, the tour stops in Vancouver.
(2)Furthermore, the time for registration has been extended.
7.順序的過渡詞
【first, second, third, afterward(s)(後來), meanwhile(幾乎同時), thereafter????(在那以後), last, finally, eventually(終於)?】
(1)First, you mail in an application.?Second, you ask for an appointment.?Third,?you send them three personal references.
(2)Then?you come to a traffic light and turn right.
8.比較過渡詞
【like, in the same way, similarly, equally important, too?】
(1)In the same way,?we look for a good doctor.
(2)Similarly, the Thais enjoy spicy foods.
9.對比過渡詞
【unlike, in contrast, whereas, on the other hand, instead?】
(1)In contrast, the red fluid does not lose its color.
(2)The husband wanted a boy,?whereas?the wife wanted a girl.
此外,從內容上進行“換詞”也必不可少,畢竟很多同學都面臨著詞彙量匱乏的情況,那些用到“噁心”的詞語如何才能華麗大轉身呢?我們可以先看看此種“換詞大法”的三點注意事項,打起精神來牢記吧!
【注1】拒絕冗長,力求實用!聽我一席話,省下十本書!
【注2】箭頭左邊是原詞,右邊是推薦的換詞,有多個換詞的一般按照難易程度排列,可以按照你目前的英文水平選擇一兩個使用,誰也別罵我給的詞太難——剩下的後半輩子慢慢學...
【注3】如果一篇文章裡面同一個詞要用兩次以上,優先使用換詞,換詞不夠了可以用原詞,原詞儘量往後用但是不要用在結尾句。
換詞大法
1
like???be?fond?of/be?crazy?about/delight?in/rejoice?in
/take?pleasure?in/appreciate/
2
all?+?名詞複數(如students)??every?single?student??【注意名詞單複數變化】
3
think?about/consider??take?into?account
4、want?to?do?sth????????intend?to?do?sth/tend?to?do?sth
/be?inclined?to?do?sth./?be?longing?for?doing?sth./be?thirst?for?doing?sth
5
more?and?more+n.?????n.+in?/growing/increasing
/significant/numbers
6
more?and?more?+adj?(如important)??increasingly?important
7
most+n.(如student)????an?overwhelmingly?majority?of
a?significant?proportion?of
a?sizable?percentage?of
8
not??by?no?means的不完全倒裝句型。
【例】By no means shall we give up trying.我們決絕能停止努力。
【注】by no means 可以用在“正裝”句型中,如:This is by no means a good way to solve the problem. 這絕不是解決問題的最好方法。
9
should?do???be?supposed?to?do
10
good --> excellent
11
want?sthdesire?sth.?高階詞彙使情感強度更加具體
12
butnevertheless/nonetheless?高階詞彙使情感強度更加具體(“儘管如此,但是...”)
How?things?have?changed!(大轉折,用於句首,替換But.)
13、always?consistently?/constantly/continually/eternally/perpetually
14
enough??abundant/adequate/sufficient
15、important?essential/vital/crucial/fundamental/indispensable
16
now??nowadays/these?days/?recently
17
really?undoubtedly/absolutely
18、very??extremely/surprisingly?//unusually/excessively
/noticeably/exceedingly
19
many??a?number?of/?plenty?of/?a?multitude?of
/?many+n.+,if?not?most,+...(經典插入語)
20、good?friend?true?friend/close?friend/constant?friend
/a?friend?indeed
21
big??distinct?清楚的、明顯的?(可以加到difference/change等詞的前面)