【精品推薦】弘治黃釉雲龍紋碗賞析

黃釉瓷器型多樣、釉色獨特，時而展現恬淡嬌嫩之美感，時而變換溫潤淡雅之風韻。《通典》注云：“黃者，中和美色，黃承天德，最盛淳美，故以尊色為溢也。”一直以來，黃釉都是明清時期皇家的嚴控釉色，而黃釉瓷器則成為明清皇室的獨享瓷器，專為皇帝御用或為祭祀專用。隨著帝制的終結，黃釉瓷器因在皇權威嚴中刻下的印記而令它成為奢華、尊貴的象徵，而近年來在藝術收藏市場，在藏家眼中越發嬌豔潤澤，亮麗可人。或許，在市場的不斷髮掘下，它的價格終將與其等級相匹配。

Theyellowglazeporcelainhasvariousshapesanduniqueglazecolors,whichsometimesshowatranquilanddelicateaestheticfeeling,andsometimeschangethecharmofmildandelegant."TongDian"notecloud:"Yellow,neutralbeauty,HuangChengtianDE,themostbeautiful,sothecolorfortheoverflow.YellowglazehasalwaysbeentheglazecolorstrictlycontrolledbytheimperialfamilyintheMingandQingDynasties,whileyellowglazeporcelainbecametheexclusiveporcelainoftheimperialfamilyintheMingandQingDynasties,andwasspeciallyusedbytheemperorsorforsacrifices.Withtheendoftheimperialsystem,theyellowglazedporcelainhasbecomeasymbolofluxuryanddignitybecauseofitsimprintinthemajestyoftheimperialpower.Inrecentyears,intheartcollectionmarket,collectorsaremoreandmorecharming,moistandbeautiful.Perhaps,asthemarketcontinuestodig,itspricewilleventuallymatchitsgrade.

弘治黃釉，詩意“嬌黃”，明代弘治時期，澆黃釉瓷器燒造技術達到歷史最高峰，因呈色淡雅，給人以恬淡嬌嫩之美，人們給它起了一個極富詩意的名字——“嬌黃”。弘治澆黃是在弘治年間創燒的一種極為名貴的精美器種，論之髮色前朝後世皆不及，是歷史上低溫黃釉的最高水準器，因其嬌嫩、豔麗、雋秀、精巧、小可、迎人的誘人風格令人愛不釋手。黃釉器的資料顯示，最早於永樂，但澆黃釉器只產於弘治，並採用了永樂甜白淺劃花工藝風格，更顯得嬌嫩、錦上添花。弘治黃釉器是專為宮廷燒造的器種，因而無論大小器物無一不精，是並列明朝六大器種（洪武釉裡紅、永樂甜白、永宣青花、宣五彩、成鬥彩、弘治澆黃）之一的名貴器種，正因此見之不易、得之更難。

Hongzhiyellowglaze,poetic"jiaohuang",theMingDynastyhongzhiperiod,pouringyellowglazeporcelainfiringtechnologyreachedthehistoricalpeak,becausethecolorisquietlyelegant,givepeoplethequietdelicatebeauty,peoplegaveitapoeticname-"Jiaohuang".Hongzhiwateryellowisaverypreciousandexquisitedevicecreatedduringhongzhiperiod.Itisthehighestleveloflowtemperatureyellowglazeinhistory,becauseofitsdelicate,gorgeous,delicate,delicate,smallandattractivestyle.ThematerialsoftheyellowglazewareshowthatitwasfirstproducedinYongle,buttheyellowglazewarewasonlyproducedinHongzhi,andtheyonglesweetwhitepaintingcraftstylewasadoptedtomakeitmoredelicateandbeautiful.Hongzhiyellowglazewareisspeciallymadeforthepalace,sonomatterthesizeofthewareisallfine,itisoneofthesixMingdynastywarespecies(Hongwuglazered,Yonglesweetwhite,Yongxuanblueandwhite,Xuanmulticolor,intothecolor,Hongzhipouringyellow)oneoftherarewarespecies,isthereforenoteasytosee,moredifficulttoget.

而黃釉一般分為“澆黃”和“檸檬黃”兩種。明清時期大多的黃釉器都是“澆黃”，所謂“澆黃”，是指採用“澆釉”的方式來施釉，然後再經低溫焙燒而成，因此俗稱“澆黃”。“檸檬黃”則到清代雍正時才創燒出來。

Andyellowglazeisgenerallydividedinto"pouringyellow"and"lemonyellow"twokinds.MostoftheyellowglazevesselsintheMingandQingDynastieswere"wateredyellow".Theso-called"wateredyellow"meansthattheglazewasappliedinthewayof"wateredglaze"andthenroastedatlowtemperature,soitiscommonlyknownas"wateredyellow"."Lemonyellow"wasnotcreateduntilyongzhengoftheQingDynasty.

明代弘治時期，澆黃釉瓷器燒造技術達到歷史最高峰，因呈色淡雅，給人以恬淡嬌嫩之美，人們給它起了一個極富詩意的名字——“嬌黃”。宮廷造辦處和景德鎮御窯廠的匠師，還嘗試利用從歐洲傳來的琺琅料燒造低溫單色釉瓷器。此後，推陳出新，相繼出現胭脂紅釉瓷器、“淡黃釉”等品種。主要見於雍正、乾隆、嘉慶、道光時期，尤以雍正時期的作品質量最好、受到的評價亦最高。

DuringtheHongzhiPeriodoftheMingDynasty,thefiringtechnologyofpouringyellowglazedporcelainreacheditshistoricalpeak.Duetoitsquietandelegantcolor,peoplegaveitapoeticname--"Charmingyellow".ThecraftsmenofthepalacebuildingofficeandtheJingdezhenRoyalkilnfactoryalsotriedtouseenamelfromEuropetomakelow-temperaturemonochromaticglazeporcelain.Sincethen,newproductshaveemerged,suchascarmineglazeporcelain,"lightyellowglaze"andothervarieties.ItismainlyseeninthePeriodofYongzheng,Qianlong,JiaqingandDaoguang,especiallytheworksofThePeriodofYongzhengareofthebestqualityandthehighestevaluation.

文中此弘治款黃釉龍鳳紋碗，釉色澆黃，碗外壁陰刻龍鳳紋，內底陰刻雲紋。釉色嬌嫩，釉下可見開片紋，其明黃色地道豔麗，釉光晶瑩剔透，滋潤自然。紋飾來看，龍飛鳳舞，十分生動。其中，龍呈五爪，飽滿銳利，皇家規制昭然若揭。其底款，銘“大明弘治年制”六字款識，色質深藍厚重，書意端莊，十分典型，其宗之正，乃一目瞭然矣。

Thispaperpromotestheyellowglazebowlwithdragonandphoenixpatterns.Theglazecolorisyellow.Thebowlisengravedwithdragonandphoenixpatternsontheouterwallandmoireontheinnerbottom.Theglazeisdelicate,theglazecanbeseenunderapieceofgrain,itsbrightyellowtunnelisgorgeous,theglazeisglitteringandtranslucent,moisteningnature.Lookatthedecoration,dragonandphoenixdance,veryvivid.Amongthem,thedragonisfive-claw,fullsharp,royalregulationisveryclear.Itsbottommoney,Ming"GreatMingHongzhisystem"sixwords,deepbluethickcolor,bookmeaningdignified,verytypical,theschoolisclearataglance.

據《大明會典》載：“洪武九年定,私郊各陵瓷器，圜丘青色，方丘黃色，日壇赤色，月壇白色”。可見黃色專用於祭地神。據史料記載，孝宗已擬好廢除官窯的詔書，張皇后看後，提醒道“御用貢瓷可廢，但祭天地之禮儀萬不可廢也!廢則群臣不服，百姓怨怒!”孝宗認為有理，遂命御窯只燒單色釉青、黃、紅、白之祭祀用瓷。這也讓所有御窯藝人放棄了成化時五花八門的品種，只專注於燒製單色釉瓷，集中了全副精力，使得單色釉瓷更加精益求精。其中最成功的的無非是澆黃釉。

AccordingtotheDamingSocietyCeremony,"Hongwuissetfortheninthyear,wherethetombsintheprivatesuburbsareporcelain,circularMoundisblue,squaremoundisyellow,sunaltarisred,moonaltariswhite".Soyellowisdedicatedtothegodsoftheearth.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,XiaoZonghadpreparedanedictontheabolitionoftheimperialkiln.EmpressZhang,afterreadingit,remindedhim,"Theimperialporcelainmaybeabolished,buttheritualofofferingsacrificestoheavenandearthmustnotbeabolished!Wasteisnotsatisfiedbythecourt,thepeopleangry!"XiaoZongthoughtitreasonable,soheorderedtheimperialkilntoburnonlysingle-colorglazeblue,yellow,red,whitesacrificialporcelain.Thisalsoledalltheroyalkilnartiststogiveupthevariousvarietiesofchenghuaandonlyfocusonthefiringofsingle-colorglazedporcelain,concentratingtheireffortstomakesingle-colorglazedporcelainmorerefined.Oneofthemostsuccessfulisnomorethanthepouringofyellowglaze.

業內人士表示，在藝術品拍賣市場中，流傳有序的黃釉瓷器並不多見，卻總能以高價亮相，成交狀況一直位列前茅，價位高的已達數百萬千萬元，只要是官窯，又是精品，就具備潛力。在未來的幾年，黃釉瓷器的價格還會穩步繼續上升。

Thepersonageinsidecourseofstudyexpresses,inartworkauctionmarket,circulateorderlyyellowglazeporcelainisrare,butalwayscanappearwithhighprice,concludeadealtheconditionrankstopallthetime,thepriceishighalreadyamountedtomillions10millionyuan,aslongasitisofficialkiln,itishigh-qualitygoods,havepotential.Inthenextfewyears,thepriceofyellowglazedporcelainwillcontinuetorisesteadily.