例句1:Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.
单词/词组:Madrid马德里(西班牙首都)public health公共健康beacon灯塔，指路明灯roll out推出
本句语法结构并不复杂，包含一个由when引导的时间状语从句:when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.状语从句中on the most polluting cars为介词短语做restrictions的后置定语，表示“对大多数污染汽车的限制”，基于此整句理解:去年十一月，马德里推出要对污染汽车进行大刀阔斧的限制，由此它被称赞为公共健康的指路明灯。
例句2:Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.
单词/词组:election day选举日conservative保守的city council市议会，市政会suspend暂停enforcement执行demise去世 失败 终止
本句是一句简单句，句子中包含了一个名词短语afirst step toward its possible demise构成的同位语，该同位语解释说明前面的行为。对于本剧的理解为:七个月加一个选举日之后，一个新的保守市政会暂停了清洁空气区的推进，这一举措是可能是导致清洁空气区流产的第一步。
例句3:Mayor Jose Luis Martinez -Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality.
单词/词组:mayor市长centrepiece中心物election campaign选举活动，竞选活动
在本句中，made为句子谓语，opposition to the zone为made的宾语而acentrepiece of his election campaign则是宾语补足语，理解:使opposition to the zone作为acentrepiece of his election campaign;句末由despite引导的短语despite its success in improving air quality构成句子的让步状语，其中in improving air quality是in介词短语做后置定语修饰success,意思为在提高空气质量上的成功，整个句子理解为:市长何塞路易斯马丁内斯-阿尔梅达先生将反对清洁空气区作为他竞选活动的一个核心，尽管空气清洁区确实在提高空气质量方面取得了成功。
例句4:That ‘s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers一who must pay fees or buy better vehicles一rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.
单词/词组:inevitably不可避免地cheating欺瞒car manufacturers汽车产商toxic有毒的有害的
本句包含由because引导的表语从句和who、whose引导的定语从句 ;从句because they inevitably....跟在be动词后面构成表语从句，定语从句who must pay fees or buy better vehicles从句跟在drivers后面，修饰限定drivers,其中who引导词在从句中充当主语;定语从句whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution修饰the car manufacturers;本句理解为这是因为他们不可避免地将清洁空气地的成本算到了个体司机身上，司机们必须支付费用或者购买更好的车辆，却没有将成本放于汽车厂商身上，是他们的欺瞒行为才是有害污染的真正成因。