語法填空解題技巧
語法填空重在語境中考查考生的綜合語言運用能力。它是命題人在預先選好的一篇地道的英語文章中，在保證句子成分、結構和語法等有效解題信息基本完備的基礎上，挖去10個空所為，這10個空根據有無提示詞可分為有提示詞類和無提示詞類兩種。
從近三年高考來看，語法填空的考點分佈如下：
一、有提示詞類：設置7個小題
二、無提示詞類：設置3個小題
一 如何應對提示詞為動詞題
【思維流程】
[示例1](2019·全國卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65. ???????(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a 66.belief that populations are increasing.
分析：分析句子結構可知，缺少謂語，故應填謂語動詞。由時間狀語“In recent years”可知，句子用現在完成時；再由主語“some Inuit people”可知，謂語動詞應用複數形式，故謂語動詞用have reported。
[示例2](2019·全國卷Ⅱ)When we got a call 68.????????(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 69.a joke.
分析：分析句子結構可知，句中已有謂語動詞got，空處應填非謂語動詞。再由句意可知，say與前面的a call之間是主動關係，故用現在分詞短語saying...作後置定語，修飾a call。
二 如何應對提示詞為其他詞題
【思維流程】
[示例1](2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66.that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67. ????????(cause).
分析：cause表示“原因，起因”時是可數名詞，且前面有all修飾，故填cause的複數形式causes。
[示例2](2019·全國卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many 67. ???????(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 68.hugely(huge) popular with tourists.
分析：所填詞修飾名詞stories，故應用tradition的形容詞形式traditional。
[示例3](2019·全國卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62. ???????(poor) studied.
分析：此處修飾動詞studied，故應用形容詞poor的副詞形式poorly。
[示例4](2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by 67.noting(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements，leading to the illusion(錯覺) that populations are 68. ???????(high) than they actually are.
分析：根據空格後的than可知，此處應用high的比較級形式higher。
[示例5](2018·全國卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68.????????(they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69.meant(mean) me no real harm.
分析：分析句子結構可知，此處作find的賓語，alive為賓語補足語，故此處要用人稱代詞的賓格。故填them。
[示例6](2016·全國卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit，I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68.????????(it) mother.
分析：根據空格後的名詞mother及前文中的a lively three-month-old twin可知此處作定語，要用形容詞性物主代詞its。
三 如何應對純空格題
【思維流程】
[示例1](2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Modern methods 63. ????????tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.
分析：a method of/for doing sth做某事的方法。
[示例2](2018·全國卷Ⅲ)I was searching 67. ????????????these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
分析：search for意為“尋找”，為固定搭配，故填介詞for。
[示例3](2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Of 69. ????????nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining，six 70.are(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
分析：此處特指確認的19個北極熊亞種羣，故用定冠詞the。
[示例4](2019·全國卷Ⅱ)When we got a call 68.saying(say) she was short-listed，we thought it was 69.?????????joke.
分析：joke“笑話，玩笑”，是可數名詞。空格後用了單數joke，故其前用a。
[示例5](2017·全國卷Ⅱ)However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25，000 people were using 67.?????????????every day.
分析：指代前句中的the railway，故填it。
[示例6](2016·全國卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia，especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea，61. ????????????Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
分析：這裏列舉了亞洲的一些國家，它們為並列關係，應用and。
[示例7](2019·全國卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，62. ????????she opened with her late husband Les.
分析：分析句子結構可知，逗號後是非限制性定語從句，the pet shop是先行詞，定語從句中缺少opened的賓語，故用which。
[示例8](2019·全國卷Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence?61. ????????they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
分析：分析句子結構可知，所填詞引導同位語從句，解釋説明evidence的具體內容，從句不缺少成分且意義完整，故用that引導。
