语法填空解题技巧
语法填空重在语境中考查考生的综合语言运用能力。它是命题人在预先选好的一篇地道的英语文章中，在保证句子成分、结构和语法等有效解题信息基本完备的基础上，挖去10个空所为，这10个空根据有无提示词可分为有提示词类和无提示词类两种。
从近三年高考来看，语法填空的考点分布如下：
一、有提示词类：设置7个小题
二、无提示词类：设置3个小题
一 如何应对提示词为动词题
【思维流程】
[示例1](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65. ???????(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a 66.belief that populations are increasing.
分析：分析句子结构可知，缺少谓语，故应填谓语动词。由时间状语“In recent years”可知，句子用现在完成时；再由主语“some Inuit people”可知，谓语动词应用复数形式，故谓语动词用have reported。
[示例2](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call 68.????????(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 69.a joke.
分析：分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词got，空处应填非谓语动词。再由句意可知，say与前面的a call之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语saying...作后置定语，修饰a call。
二 如何应对提示词为其他词题
【思维流程】
[示例1](2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66.that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67. ????????(cause).
分析：cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，且前面有all修饰，故填cause的复数形式causes。
[示例2](2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many 67. ???????(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 68.hugely(huge) popular with tourists.
分析：所填词修饰名词stories，故应用tradition的形容词形式traditional。
[示例3](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62. ???????(poor) studied.
分析：此处修饰动词studied，故应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。
[示例4](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by 67.noting(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements，leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68. ???????(high) than they actually are.
分析：根据空格后的than可知，此处应用high的比较级形式higher。
[示例5](2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68.????????(they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69.meant(mean) me no real harm.
分析：分析句子结构可知，此处作find的宾语，alive为宾语补足语，故此处要用人称代词的宾格。故填them。
[示例6](2016·全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit，I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68.????????(it) mother.
分析：根据空格后的名词mother及前文中的a lively three-month-old twin可知此处作定语，要用形容词性物主代词its。
三 如何应对纯空格题
【思维流程】
[示例1](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods 63. ????????tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.
分析：a method of/for doing sth做某事的方法。
[示例2](2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was searching 67. ????????????these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
分析：search for意为“寻找”，为固定搭配，故填介词for。
[示例3](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of 69. ????????nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining，six 70.are(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
分析：此处特指确认的19个北极熊亚种群，故用定冠词the。
[示例4](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call 68.saying(say) she was short-listed，we thought it was 69.?????????joke.
分析：joke“笑话，玩笑”，是可数名词。空格后用了单数joke，故其前用a。
[示例5](2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25，000 people were using 67.?????????????every day.
分析：指代前句中的the railway，故填it。
[示例6](2016·全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia，especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea，61. ????????????Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
分析：这里列举了亚洲的一些国家，它们为并列关系，应用and。
[示例7](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，62. ????????she opened with her late husband Les.
分析：分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which。
[示例8](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence?61. ????????they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
分析：分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。
