2021年2月新聞熱詞彙總
2月,恰逢新春佳節。就地過年的大背景下,春運客流下降,春節檔電影票房卻異常火爆。
北京冬奧會、冬殘奧會火炬發佈,河南春晚《唐宮夜宴》舞蹈節目出圈,我國宣佈取得脱貧攻堅戰全面勝利,天問一號火星探測器進入環火軌道,戍邊英雄事蹟報道感動全國。
春運 Spring Festival travel rush
在國家就地過年政策的作用下,今年鐵路春運客流總體大幅下降。
The number of railway passenger trips took a nosedive in the first three days of the Spring Festival travel season amid stringent epidemic control measures, data from the national railway operator showed Sunday.
國鐵集團1月31日發佈的數據顯示,在嚴格的疫情防控措施背景下,今年春運前三天鐵路客流明顯下降。
【單詞講解】
這裏的nosedive是很形象的一個詞,從字面意思可以理解為“鼻子朝下跳水”,字典裏一般解釋為“俯衝”,並由此延伸出“驟降,急劇下跌”等意思,用作動詞或名詞都可以,比如:Stock prices took a nosedive(股價暴跌);Profits nosedived in the last quarter(最後一個季度,利潤暴跌);The plane went into a nosedive without warning(飛機毫無預兆地來了個俯衝)。
Passengers made 2.96 million railway trips on Saturday, while a total of 3.08 million and 2.83 million trips were registered on Thursday and Friday, respectively, according to the China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. (China Railway).
國鐵集團表示,1月28日、29日和30日,春運前三天,全國鐵路發送旅客分別為308萬、283萬和296萬人次。
The company said on Sunday, the fourth day of the travel rush, 2.9 million passenger trips were expected to be made, a year-on-year decrease of 75 percent.
1月31日,春運進入第四天,全國鐵路預計發送旅客290萬人次,同比下降75%。
【單詞講解】
在一些統計類的報道中,我們經常會看到“環比”、“同比”這樣的表述,這兩種比較方式的區別在於:環比,就是跟上一個週期比;同比,就是跟去年同期比。如果用今年1月的數據跟去年1月的數據相比就是“同比”,英文用形容詞year-on-year或者副詞短語year on year表示,上文中的a year-on-year decrease of 75 percent也可以改為decrease 75 percent year on year;而1月的鐵路客流量與12月的相比,就是“環比”,可以用形容詞形式month-on-month或者副詞形式的month on month來表示,比如:the number of passenger trips saw a month-on-month increase of 30 percent in January。
In light of sporadic resurgence of COVID-19 cases and measures to reduce people"s movement, the group previously lowered its estimate of railway passenger trips from 407 million to 296 million for the travel peak.
鑑於新冠肺炎疫情散發以及各地實行減少人員流動的各項措施,國鐵集團已將春運期間預計發送的旅客數量由此前的4.07億人次降低為2.96億人次。
一證通行、無接觸服務保障春運安全
Electronic tickets are used in most railway stations across the country, and passengers can check in with their ID cards or through facial recognition.
全國大部分火車站均可使用電子車票,乘客可使用身份證或刷臉進站乘車。
Passengers are urged to practice social distancing at the waiting halls.
在候車大廳,督促乘客保持安全距離。
Online food ordering service is also available so that passengers can get their deliveries at their boarding stations.
旅客可以通過在線訂餐服務下單,然後在始發站取餐。
中小學生手機禁止入校 mobile phone ban for rimary and secondary school students
教育部辦公廳印發了《關於加強中小學生手機管理工作的通知》。
Primary and secondary school students will not be allowed to bring mobile phones to schools, according to the circular from the Ministry of Education (MOE).
教育部發布的通知明確,中小學生原則上不得將個人手機帶入校園。
【單詞講解】
這裏用primary and secondary school表示“中小學”,具體來説,primary school通常指代“小學”,也可以用elementary school來替換,而secondary school指“介於小學和大學之間的教育機構”,即“中學”,是各類中等教育學校的統稱,既包括普通的初高中,也包括職高、技校等教育機構。我們更加熟悉的middle school在英語國家通常指“五年級(或六年級)到八年級的學校”,即“初中”。
通知明確:
If students do need to bring mobile phones to school, a written application should be submitted to school authorities along with consent from their parents.
學生確有將手機帶入校園需求的,須經學生家長同意、書面提出申請。
Once the application has been approved, students should hand in their mobile phones to relevant school authorities upon arrival. The phones will be kept together and should by no means be allowed into classrooms, according to the circular.
申請一旦獲批,學生進校後應將手機交由學校統一保管,禁止帶入課堂。
【詞彙講解】
這裏的by no means表達的是絕對的否定“決不”,與其相似的另一個短語by all means則表示“必定、一定”這樣肯定的意思,比如:By all means, come to our party if you end up being free on Saturday night!(週六晚上如果能抽出空,一定要來我們的派對),此外,by all means還可以表示“想盡一切辦法、千方百計”等意思,比如:There will be a lot of people at this event, but we need to court that one big investor by all means.(這個活動來的人會很多,但我們要想盡一切辦法抓住那個大投資人)。
Schools should not assign or ask students to do homework via mobile phones and they should set up public phones and teacher hotlines for communication between parents and students, it added.
老師不得使用手機佈置作業或要求學生利用手機完成作業。學校應通過設立校內公共電話、班主任溝通熱線等途徑,解決學生與家長通話需求。
教育部表示,
The notice aims to protect students" eyesight, make sure they focus on study and prevent them from becoming addictive to the internet and online games.
印發該通知意在保護學生視力,讓學生在學校專心學習,防止沉迷網絡和遊戲。
李子柒 Li Ziqi
2021年1月25日,短視頻博主@李子柒再次刷新吉尼斯世界紀錄。
The official Sina Weibo account of the Guinness World Records announced on Tuesday that Chinese vlogger Li Ziqi broke the world record for “Most subscribers for a Chinese language channel on YouTube” set by herself with 14.1 million subscribers on Jan 25.
吉尼斯世界紀錄官方微博2月2日宣佈,1月25日,中國短視頻博主@李子柒 以1410萬的YouTube訂閲量刷新了由她創下的“最多訂閲量的YouTube中文頻道”的吉尼斯世界紀錄稱號。
【單詞講解】
這裏的subscriber指視頻頻道的“訂閲用户”,而我們打電話時聽到的“the subscriber you dialed is busy now”中subscriber指的是“電信服務用户”,所以,這個詞通常表示“付費給某個機構以得到某種定期服務的人”,來自於動詞形式subscribe,而“訂閲”這個行為或服務就是subscription。不過,在互聯網內容大量湧現的今天,很多內容服務都是可以免費訂閲的。當然,也有一些提供付費訂閲服務的平台。
付費訂閲(pay-to-read/paid content)服務一般分為:單次訂閲(pay as you read)、周訂閲(weekly subscription service)、包月訂閲(monthly subscription service)、包年訂閲(yearly subscription service)等。
吉尼斯世界紀錄官方微博表示:
The poetic idyllic life and profound traditional Chinese culture in Li Ziqi"s videos have attracted fans from all over the world, with many YouTube fans expressing their admiration under her videos.
李子柒視頻中充滿詩意的田園生活和博大精深的中國傳統文化吸引了來自世界各地的粉絲,不少YouTube粉絲在她的視頻下留言讚歎。
The Chinese culture conveyed in her videos is going further abroad.
她的視頻所傳遞的中華文化也正在走向更遠的地方。
去年7月首創世界紀錄
Li uploaded her first video on YouTube, about how to make a dress using the cloth dyed with color extracted from grape skin, in 2017.
2017年,李子柒在YouTube發佈第一支視頻“用葡萄皮染的布做裙子”。
She went viral overseas afterwards with her short videos about cooking Chinese food, making traditional Chinese handicrafts such as embroidery and living an idyllic rural life in China.
之後,她用短視頻展現中國食物的烹製過程、製作刺繡等傳統中國手工藝品以及鄉村田園生活,在海外走紅。
【詞彙講解】
“走紅”有兩個常用的英文表達,一個是go viral,另一個是become a hit。前者表示某件事或者現象就像病毒一樣迅速傳播開來,所以用viral這個詞,它是virus(病毒)的形容詞形式;後者當中的hit作名詞時本身就有“風行一時的事物”之意。比如:Some apps can quickly go viral and gain millions of users.(有些應用程序會迅速走紅並獲得數百萬的用户。)The song became a massive hit in 1998.(這首歌在1998年風靡大江南北。)
On July 16 last year, she had 11.4 million subscribers on YouTube, breaking the Guinness record at the time.
2020年7月16日,李子柒獲得1140萬的YouTube訂閲,打破了當時的吉尼斯世界紀錄。
新冠肺炎疫苗實施計劃 COVAX
At the request of the World Health Organization (WHO), China has decided to provide 10 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines to COVAX, mainly to meet the urgent need in developing countries. This is another important measure taken by China to promote equitable distribution of vaccines, advance international cooperation in fighting the pandemic, and apply the vision of a community of common health for all.
應世衞組織方面請求,中方決定向“新冠肺炎疫苗實施計劃”提供1000萬劑疫苗,主要用於發展中國家急需。這是中方促進疫苗公平分配,推進國際抗疫合作,踐行人類衞生健康共同體理念的又一重要舉措。
【知識點】
2020年10月8日,中國同全球疫苗免疫聯盟簽署協議,正式加入“新冠肺炎疫苗實施計劃(COVAX)”。這是中國秉持人類衞生健康共同體理念(uphold the concept of a shared community of health for all)、履行自身承諾推動疫苗成為全球公共產品(turn COVID-19 vaccines into a global public good)的一個重要舉措。
“新冠肺炎疫苗實施計劃”由世界衞生組織和全球疫苗免疫聯盟、流行病防範創新聯盟共同牽頭成立,擬於2021年底前向全球提供20億劑新冠肺炎疫苗(the initial aim is to have 2 billion doses available by the end of 2021),供應給“自費經濟體(higher-income self-financing countries)”和“受資助經濟體(lower-income funded nations)”。包括我國在內的“自費經濟體”需向該計劃承諾為本經濟體一定比例人口購買疫苗並繳納預付款,而“受資助經濟體”無須繳納預付款,同時享受該計劃補貼。
汪文斌表示:
The WHO has started to review emergency use authorization for Chinese vaccines. The Chinese companies involved will continue to offer their close coordination. We hope that the WHO will finish the review process as soon as possible.
世衞組織已開始審核中國疫苗的緊急使用授權。中國企業將繼續積極配合。希望世衞組織儘早完成這項工作。
We hope that countries, with the capacity to do so, will take actions to actively support COVAX and the work of the WHO, help developing countries access vaccines in a timely manner, and make their due contributions to mankind"s early victory over the pandemic.
我們希望國際社會有能力的國家都積極行動起來,以實際行動支持“實施計劃”,支持世衞組織工作,幫助發展中國家及時獲得疫苗,為國際社會早日戰勝疫情作出應有的貢獻。
【單詞講解】
簡單説一下due的用法,在make their due contributions中,due表達的是“ satisfying or capable of satisfying a need, obligation, or duty”,即“滿足需要,盡義務”。
這個詞常見的一個搭配是due to,相當於because of(因為,由於),比如:The bus was delayed due to heavy snow(公交車因為大雪延誤了);但是,如果句子中出現的是be due to do,則是“(在某個特定的時間)將要,即將發生”,比如:The present chairman is due to retire next month(現任主席下個月就退休了);此外,due還可以表示不同語境下“到期的”意思,比如:When is the baby due?(預產期什麼時候),The rent is due at the end of the month(月底該交房租了)。
Due還可以用作名詞,表示某人“應得的東西”,複數形式dues則通常用來表示繳納的“會費”等,比如:give him his due(把他應得的給他),Party membership dues(黨費)等。
中國向多個發展中國家提供疫苗援助
In the early hours of Feb 1, a batch of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines donated by the Chinese government to Pakistan arrived in Islamabad. It was the first batch of vaccine aid provided by the Chinese government to another country.
2月1日凌晨,中國政府向巴基斯坦捐贈的一批新冠病毒滅活疫苗運抵巴基斯坦首都伊斯蘭堡,這是中國政府對外提供的第一批疫苗援助。
Apart from Pakistan, China is also providing vaccine aid to Brunei, Nepal, the Philippines, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Sri Lanka, Mongolia, Palestine, Belarus, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea, altogether 13 developing countries. Going forward, we will also assist another 38 developing countries with vaccines.
除巴基斯坦外,中方還正在向文萊、尼泊爾、菲律賓、緬甸、柬埔寨、老撾、斯里蘭卡、蒙古、巴勒斯坦、白俄羅斯、塞拉利昂、津巴布韋、赤道幾內亞等13個發展中國家提供疫苗援助,下一步將向其他38個有需要的發展中國家援助疫苗。
China supports Chinese companies in conducting joint vaccine R&D; and production with foreign partners. Vaccines made by Sinopharm and Sinovac have been exported to countries including the UAE, Morocco, Indonesia, Turkey, Brazil and Chile where clinical studies have been conducted.
中方支持國內企業同國外的合作伙伴開展疫苗聯合研發和合作生產,已經向阿聯酋、摩洛哥、印尼、土耳其、巴西、智利等臨牀試驗國家出口了國藥集團和科興公司的疫苗。
China supports relevant companies in exporting vaccines to countries in urgent need that have approved Chinese vaccines and authorized their emergency use. For instance, Serbia has started vaccination with recently imported Chinese-made vaccines. More and more countries are approving the domestic use of Chinese vaccines.
中國支持有關企業向急需獲取疫苗、認可中國疫苗、已授權在本國緊急使用中國疫苗的國家出口疫苗。例如,中國企業向塞爾維亞出口的疫苗已於不久前運抵,當地已開始接種。目前,已有越來越多的國家批准中國疫苗在當地使用。
北京冬奧會、冬殘奧會火炬 2022 Olympic torch
2月4日,在北京2022年冬奧會開幕倒計時一週年(the one-year countdown to the opening of the Games)之際,北京冬奧會、冬殘奧會火炬“飛揚(Flying)”正式發佈。
The 2022 Olympic torch spirals upward to resemble two overlapping fluttering ribbons. The inner red ribbon evokes rising flames, with the outer one plated in silver to produce a striking contrast.
2022年冬奧會火炬旋轉上升,如雙色“飛舞絲帶”重疊,內部的紅色絲帶如火焰升起,與外部的銀色絲帶形成強烈的反差效果。
As the torch turns, the whirling red line hidden in the crack seems to stretch endlessly, representing mankind"s relentless pursuit of brightness, peace, excellence and the values promoted by the Olympic Movement.
紅色線條隨火炬轉動,似無限延伸,表達了人類生生不息、嚮往光明與和平、追求卓越的期望和奧林匹克運動的力量。
The torch features the Beijing 2022 emblem and the Olympic rings etched on its section, with patterns of clouds and snowflakes painted from the bottom up to the flame.
火炬上刻有北京2022年冬奧會會徽及奧運五環,自下而上從雲紋逐漸過渡到雪花圖案,最後呈現為火焰。
Beaming with dynamism and vitality, the two-tone torch presents a metaphor of ice and fire, symbolizing how it will bring light and warmth to the winter sports gala.
雙色火炬外形極具動感和活力,象徵冰火相約,照亮冰雪,温暖世界。
【詞彙講解】
在介紹火炬的象徵意義的時候,英文報道經常用到symbolize或represent,這兩個詞都有“象徵”的意思,在這個語境下可以替換使用,比如:A lion symbolizes/represents courage。二者的區別在於,symbolize只有“象徵”這一層意思,而represent的意思用法要廣得多。我們最熟悉的一個意思就是“to speak, act, or be present officially for another person or people”,即“代表”,比如:I sent my husband to represent me at the funeral(我讓我丈夫代表我去參加葬禮),Women were poorly represented at the conference(參會的女性很少),大家選出來代表某個羣體的“代表”就是representative;represent還有“體現,描繪”的意思,比如:This new report represents the current situation in our schools(這份新報告描述了我們學校當前的形勢),He represents himself as an expert, but he knows nothing(他把自己描述成一個專家,但他什麼都不知道)。
Sharing the same structure and patterns, the torch for the 2022 Paralympic Winter Games features a different color scheme of gold and silver. The bottom of the torch is engraved with Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games in Braille.
2022年冬殘奧會火炬與冬奧會火炬結構與樣式相同,採用金色與銀色,火炬最下方刻有“北京2022年冬殘奧會”全稱的盲文。
The design allows both torches to lock into each other at the top when one bearer passes the flame to another during the Torch Relay, symbolizing Beijing 2022"s vision to promote mutual understanding and respect between different cultures.
火炬交接時,兩支火炬的頂部可以緊密相扣,體現出讓不同文明更加相知相融的北京 2022 年冬奧會願景。
To honor Beijing"s status as the world"s first city to host both the Summer and Winter Olympics, the 2022 torch features a similar design to the 2008 Games" main cauldron, which resembled a giant scroll, highlighting the legacy of the Olympic spirit in the Chinese capital.
北京即將成為奧運歷史上首座“雙奧之城”,北京2022年冬奧會和冬殘奧會火炬整體外觀與北京2008年奧運會開幕式主火炬塔的巨型卷軸形態相呼應,體現了雙奧之城的傳承與發揚。
環環相扣黑科技
Using a combustion system developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp, the torch"s flame, fueled by eco-friendly hydrogen, was designed and has undergone rigorous testing to burn reliably in all weather conditions and to withstand strong winds and extreme, low temperatures.
火炬採用中國航天科技集團研發的氫燃料點火裝置,凸顯環保屬性,經過大量測試,可在各類天氣條件下穩定燃燒,可抗強風和極端低温天氣。
【單詞講解】
這裏的-friendly作為後綴,通常用在名詞後面,表示“對...友好的”,比如:user-friendly interface(用户友好的界面)、environment-friendly/eco-friendly(對環境友好的/環保的)。
The torch is made of carbon-fiber materials developed by Sinopec and is light in weight and resistant to high temperatures.
火炬由中國石化研製的碳纖維材料製成,重量輕、耐高温。
【單詞講解】
這裏的resistant to表示“對...有抵抗力的”,比如:These plants are resistant to cold temperatures(這些植物能耐低温),如果用來形容人,經常表示“抗拒的”,比如:Why are you so resistant to change?(你為什麼這麼抗拒改變呢);resistant還經常作為後綴,與其他名詞構成合成形容詞,表示“抗...的,耐...的”,比如:wrinkle-resistant clothes(不易起皺的衣服),fire-resistant material(耐火材料)。
2020年9月22日,經過北京冬奧組委多輪評審,從182個全社會有效徵集方案(182 entries in a global competition)中,確定了現在的火炬設計方案。
2020年12月7日,國際奧委會執委會(the International Olympic Committee"s Executive Board)審議通過了北京2022年冬奧會火炬設計方案。
反壟斷指南 anti-trust guidelines
2月7日,國務院反壟斷委員會制定發佈《國務院反壟斷委員會關於平台經濟領域的反壟斷指南》。
The State Council, China"s cabinet, unveiled anti-trust guidelines on the country"s platform economy to ensure fair market competition and promote the innovative and healthy development of the sector.
國務院發佈平台經濟領域的反壟斷指南,旨在保障公平市場競爭,促進平台經濟創新健康發展。
【單詞講解】
這裏的anti-trust有時候也寫作antitrust,中文最開始直譯為“反托拉斯”,後來多譯為“反壟斷”,一般指“involving laws or actions that are intended to make business competition fair and to prevent any company from being a monopoly”,即“意在促進公平競爭,防止個別公司形成壟斷的”(法律、法規),新聞報道中也會用anti-monopoly來與其替換使用,比如:China issues new anti-monopoly rules targeting its tech giants(中國針對科技巨頭髮布新的反壟斷規定)。
Anti-這個前綴經常用來表示“反...”,比如,某個明星的粉絲是fans,那麼ta的“黑粉”就是anti-fans;在軍事領域,anti則經常表示“抗擊,對抗”,比如:antimissile(反導彈的)、antiaircraft(放空中襲擊的;高射炮)等。
《指南》界定平台、平台經營者、平台內經營者及平台經濟領域經營者等基礎概念。
平台,本指南所稱平台為互聯網平台(online/internet platforms),是指通過網絡信息技術,使相互依賴的雙邊或者多邊主體在特定載體提供的規則下交互(interdependent bilateral or multilateral entities interact under the rules provided by a particular carrier),以此共同創造價值的商業組織形態。
平台經營者(platform operators),是指向自然人、法人及其他市場主體提供經營場所(marketplace)、交易撮合(business brokering)、信息交流(information exchange)等互聯網平台服務的經營者。
平台內經營者(merchants on internet platforms),是指在互聯網平台內提供商品或者服務(以下統稱商品)的經營者。
平台經濟領域經營者(operators in the sector of platform economy),包括平台經營者、平台內經營者以及其他參與平台經濟的經營者。
針對社會各方反映較多的“二選一”“大數據殺熟”等熱點問題,指南明確:
To identify market dominance abuse behaviors in the sector, it is usually necessary to define the relevant market and analyze whether a platform operator has a dominant position in the market, according to the guideline.
認定平台經濟領域濫用市場支配地位行為,通常需要先界定相關市場,分析經營者在相關市場是否具有支配地位。
【單詞講解】
Abuse這個詞可以用作動詞或名詞,均表示“濫用,虐待”等意思,比如:power abuse/to abuse power(濫用職權)、child abuse/to abuse a child(虐待兒童)、drug abuse/abuse drugs(藥物濫用)、verbal abuse/verbally abuse someone(語言暴力)等。實施這些行為的人就是abuser。
Specific case analysis should be further completed to decide whether the operator abuses its market dominance, says the guideline.
根據個案情況分析經營者是否構成濫用市場支配地位行為。
濫用市場支配地位行為表現形式
It specifies behaviors that constitute abusing market dominance, such as unfair pricing, sales below cost, refusal-to-deal, restricted trading, tie-in sales, attaching unreasonable trading conditions and differential treatment.
《指南》逐一細化濫用市場支配地位行為表現形式,如不公平價格行為、低於成本銷售、拒絕交易、限定交易、搭售或者附加不合理交易條件差別待遇等。
劣跡藝人 tainted celebrity
2月5日,中國演出行業協會發布新制定的《演出行業演藝人員從業自律管理辦法》,業內首次明確劣跡藝人懲戒和復出程序。
Chinese celebrities could face permanent bans from television, film, livestreaming, and offline events if they fail to comply with the “self-discipline” guideline.
違反自律管理辦法的演藝人員或將在電視、電影、直播及線下活動等各平台面臨永久抵制。
【詞彙講解】
這裏的fail to經常用來表示“試圖做某事,但是沒做成”或者“別人期待你做某事,但是你沒有做到”,比如:She failed to reach the Wimbledon Final this year(她今年沒能進温網決賽)。對學生黨來説,fail則更多的是表示“考試掛科”,但是在具體用法上英式英語和美式英語略有不同,比如“我歷史考過了,但是化學掛科了”在英式英語中是“I passed in history but failed in chemistry”,但是在美式英語中是“I passed history but failed chemistry”。
自律管理辦法列出了15條藝人不得出現的行為,其中包括:
illegal acts such as driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs
酒駕、毒駕等違法行為
undermining the sovereignty, unification and territorial integrity of China
危害國家統一、主權和領土完整
jeopardizing social morality
危害社會公德
harming outstanding cultural traditions
損害民族優秀文化傳統
fooling audience with lip-syncing in commercial performances
在營業性演出中以假唱等手段欺騙觀眾
undermining China"s ethnic unity
破壞民族團結
engaging in obscene and pornographic activities
參與、宣揚涉及淫穢、色情等活動
defaming revolutionary heroes
侮辱、誹謗革命英雄
自律管理辦法規定:
Offenders of the guideline will face a "joint industry boycott" for one, three, five years or for good, depending on the severity of the circumstances and degree of harm.
根據演藝人員違反從業規範情節輕重及危害程度,分別實施1年、3年、5年和永久等不同程度的行業聯合抵制。
【單詞講解】
這裏的短語for good就是for ever的意思,即“永久,永遠”,比如:She"s gone for good(她再也不會回來了)。再補充一個常用的短語,do someone good(對某人有好處),比如:You can"t work all the time - it does you good to go out and enjoy yourself sometimes.(你不能一直工作,時不時出去放鬆一下對你有好處)。
Offenders must also submit an application to an "ethics construction commission" three months before their penalty term ends for permission to return to the limelight.
受到聯合抵制的演藝人員應當在聯合抵制期限屆滿前3個月內向道德建設委員會提出申請,經同意後才可繼續從事演出活動。
【單詞講解】
這裏的“return to the limelight”字面意思是“回到聚光燈下”,其實就是“重回舞台(演出)”的意思,the limelight(聚光燈)在中英文語境中都經常被用來指代公眾人物所處的環境,即“大眾的關注”,比如:She"s been in the limelight recently, following the release of her new film(新電影上映之後,她最近一直頗受公眾關注)。
自律管理辦法指出,對符合復出條件的演藝人員,由中國演出行業協會向會員單位和個人通報,取消聯合抵制措施,並監督引導其參與行業培訓、職業教育(professional education)、公益項目等活動,改善社會形象(rehabilitate their image)。
世衞組織專家組 WHO team of experts
中國—世界衞生組織新冠病毒溯源研究聯合專家組2月9日在武漢舉行新聞發佈會,通報共同開展新冠病毒全球溯源中國部分的工作情況。
A sudden outbreak of the novel coronavirus occured in Wuhan at the end of 2019. China took prompt action, actively released epidemic information, and adopted the most comprehensive and strict prevention and control measures, achieving notable results.
2019年底,新冠肺炎疫情在武漢市暴發,中國迅速採取行動,主動通報疫情信息,採取最全面最嚴格的防控措施,疫情防控取得顯著成效。
According to an agreement between China and the WHO in July 2020, an international expert WHO team arrived in Wuhan on Jan 14. They formed a joint body with Chinese experts for the Chinese part of the global study on the novel coronavirus origins.
按照中國與世衞組織2020年7月商定的工作任務書,世衞組織派出國際專家組2021年1月14日抵達武漢,與中方專家組成聯合專家組,共同開展全球溯源中國部分工作。
The team studied a massive amount of epidemic-related data and visited nine facilities, including Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Huanan seafood market, and the Wuhan Institute of Virology, under the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The team conducted extensive exchanges with local medical workers, lab researchers, scientists, and market managers. They also interviewed social workers, community workers, residents, recovered patients, and families of medical workers who lost their lives in the epidemic.
聯合專家組共同研究了大量的疫情相關數據資料,現場考察了包括金銀潭醫院、華南海鮮市場、中科院武漢病毒研究所在內的9家單位,與醫務人員、實驗室人員、科研人員、市場管理人員及商户、社區工作者、康復患者、犧牲醫務人員家屬、居民等進行廣泛交流。
聯合研究成果已基本形成,主要包括:
A coronavirus with high similarity to the novel coronavirus in gene sequences occurs in bats and pangolins. But the similarity is still not enough to make it a direct ancestor of the novel coronavirus. Bats, pangolins, weasels, cats, and other species all could be potential natural hosts.
在蝙蝠和穿山甲中發現了與新冠病毒基因序列具有高度相似性冠狀病毒,但相似度尚不足以使其成為新冠病毒的直接祖先;蝙蝠、穿山甲或者鼬科、貓科動物,以及其他物種都可能是潛在的自然宿主。
The virus was found in environmental tests at the Huanan seafood market after its closure, especially in its aquatic product stalls. The coronavirus at the market might have been introduced through channels such as infected people, contaminated cold chain products, and animal products, but it is still uncertain.
華南海鮮市場關閉後的環境檢測普遍發現新冠病毒污染,其中水產攤位尤為明顯,華南海鮮市場新冠病毒可能通過感染者、被污染的冷鏈產品、動物產品等途徑引入,但尚無法確定。
No positive results occurred in large-scale testing of animal products in the market. No novel coronavirus was found either in samples of bats in Hubei province or large numbers of livestock, poultry, and wild animals across China.
對該市場的動物產品大規模檢測未發現陽性,對湖北省蝙蝠以及中國各地大量的家畜家禽、野生動物採樣監測均未發現新冠病毒。
In December 2019, the novel coronavirus spread among people on a certain scale in Wuhan, with most cases occurring in the second half of the month. A study on the early ones showed that as there were novel coronavirus cases in the market, there were also such cases in other areas of Wuhan at the same time.
2019年12月,武漢市人羣中發生了新冠病毒一定規模傳播,大部分病例集中在下半月。早期病例搜索及分析顯示,華南海鮮市場出現病例的同時,武漢市其他地方也有病例發生。
The experts identified four hypotheses for the source of the transmission of the novel coronavirus to the human population, including direct zoonotic spillover, the cold-chain food, an intermediary host species, and a laboratory-related incident.
聯合專家組對新冠病毒從自然宿主直接傳播和通過冷鏈食品、中間宿主、實驗室等四種引入人類途徑的可能性進行了科學評估。
評估結論分為“極不可能(extremely unlikely)”“不可能(unlikely)”“可能(likely)”“比較可能(most likely)”“非常可能(very likely)”5個層級。
專家組認為:
Introduction through an intermediary host species is "the most likely" passway.
新冠病毒“比較可能”是經中間宿主引入人類。
Direct transmission or introduction through cold-chain food is also likely.
“可能”是直接傳播或者通過冷鏈食品引入人類。
A laboratory incident is "extremely unlikely" as the cause of COVID-19.
“極不可能”是通過實驗室引入人類。
聯合專家組還對下一步全球溯源工作提出了建議。