大家好,今天小編為大家講解翻譯技巧之偏正複句的翻譯。
漢語所謂的“偏正複句”,顧名思義,是由“偏句”(傳遞次要信息,起輔助作用的分句,相當於英語的“從句”)和“正句”(傳遞主要信息,起關鍵作用的分句,相當於英語的“主句”)構成的複合句。偏正複句中有表示“時間”、“假設”、“條件”、“讓步”、“目的”、“原因”等關係的“偏句”,可以用相應的英語連接詞引起表示上述各種關係的從句。
01
有連接詞的偏正複句的翻譯
(1) 如果一方不能如期出資,本協議將自動終止。(假設)
If a party fails to make its contribution on schedule, this Agreement shall be automatically terminated.
(2) 即使本協議因不可抗力而終止,各方仍須履行保密義務。(讓步)
Even if this Agreement is terminated due to an event of force majeure, the parties shall still perform their obligations with respect to confidentially.
(3) 為了使項目獲得有關部門的批准,合營公司須確保一切必要的文件都是完整無缺的。(目的)
The joint venture company must ensure that all the required documents are complete in every aspect in order that the project shall be approved by the relevant authorities.
02
沒有連接詞的偏正複句的翻譯
有不少屬於偏正複句的句子,按照漢語的表達習慣,大多不出現關聯詞,漢譯英時,形式上缺失的關聯詞需要在英語譯文中予以增補。
(1) 董事會會議應當有2/3以上董事出席方能舉行。
The board meeting shall be held only when over two-thirds of the directors are present.
(英語譯文裏用only when表示“只有在2/3以上董事出席時,董事會會議方能舉行”,使漢語句子裏的“條件”關係明確化。
(2) 董事不能出席的,可以出具委託書委託他人代表其出席和表決。
If a director is unable to attend the meeting, he may issue a power of attorney to appoint a proxy to represent him and vote on his behalf.
(漢語以其特有的“的”字句式,表示“如果……”,對於這種偏句,英語使用位於句首的If從句來表明“假設”。)
(3) 董事因故不能出席董事會會議,可以書面委託代理人出席董事會。
If a director is unable to attend a board meeting for any reason, he may appoint a proxy by a power of attorney to attend the meeting on his behalf.
(儘管這個句子裏的偏句沒有“的”字,但從句子意義上判斷,偏句也還是表示“假設”,故英語譯文增添了If,以表明從句與主語的邏輯關係。)