例句1:Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.
單詞/詞組:Madrid馬德里(西班牙首都)public health公共健康beacon燈塔，指路明燈roll out推出
本句語法結構並不複雜，包含一個由when引導的時間狀語從句:when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.狀語從句中on the most polluting cars為介詞短語做restrictions的後置定語，表示“對大多數污染汽車的限制”，基於此整句理解:去年十一月，馬德里推出要對污染汽車進行大刀闊斧的限制，由此它被稱讚為公共健康的指路明燈。
例句2:Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.
單詞/詞組:election day選舉日conservative保守的city council市議會，市政會suspend暫停enforcement執行demise去世 失敗 終止
本句是一句簡單句，句子中包含了一個名詞短語afirst step toward its possible demise構成的同位語，該同位語解釋説明前面的行為。對於本劇的理解為:七個月加一個選舉日之後，一個新的保守市政會暫停了清潔空氣區的推進，這一舉措是可能是導致清潔空氣區流產的第一步。
例句3:Mayor Jose Luis Martinez -Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality.
單詞/詞組:mayor市長centrepiece中心物election campaign選舉活動，競選活動
在本句中，made為句子謂語，opposition to the zone為made的賓語而acentrepiece of his election campaign則是賓語補足語，理解:使opposition to the zone作為acentrepiece of his election campaign;句末由despite引導的短語despite its success in improving air quality構成句子的讓步狀語，其中in improving air quality是in介詞短語做後置定語修飾success,意思為在提高空氣質量上的成功，整個句子理解為:市長何塞路易斯馬丁內斯-阿爾梅達先生將反對清潔空氣區作為他競選活動的一個核心，儘管空氣清潔區確實在提高空氣質量方面取得了成功。
例句4:That ‘s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers一who must pay fees or buy better vehicles一rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.
單詞/詞組:inevitably不可避免地cheating欺瞞car manufacturers汽車產商toxic有毒的有害的
本句包含由because引導的表語從句和who、whose引導的定語從句 ;從句because they inevitably....跟在be動詞後面構成表語從句，定語從句who must pay fees or buy better vehicles從句跟在drivers後面，修飾限定drivers,其中who引導詞在從句中充當主語;定語從句whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution修飾the car manufacturers;本句理解為這是因為他們不可避免地將清潔空氣地的成本算到了個體司機身上，司機們必須支付費用或者購買更好的車輛，卻沒有將成本放於汽車廠商身上，是他們的欺瞞行為才是有害污染的真正成因。